{"birds/year-round":[{"id":"northern-cardinal","name":"Northern Cardinal","scientific":"Cardinalis cardinalis","dimorphic":true,"family":"Cardinalidae (cardinals)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Northern_cardinal","idTips":"Males are brilliant red all over with a pointed crest, black face mask and thick red-orange cone-shaped bill. Females are warm buff-brown with red tinges on the wings, tail and crest.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}. Pairs stay on their territories all year, and they nest from March through August.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Yards, thickets, woodland edges and parks","diet":"Seeds, especially sunflower seeds, plus fruit and insects. Parents feed their nestlings almost entirely insects.","dietShort":"Seeds, fruit and insects","facts":["Females sing too, often from the nest.","Males feed females beak-to-beak during courtship.","Its red color comes from carotenoid pigments in its food."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"northern-mockingbird","name":"Northern Mockingbird","scientific":"Mimus polyglottos","family":"Mimidae (mockingbirds and thrashers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Northern_mockingbird","idTips":"Slim gray bird with a long tail. It flashes bold white wing patches and white outer tail feathers in flight.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}. It sings day and night in spring, and unmated males sing the most.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Lawns, parks, suburbs and open edges","diet":"Insects in summer and berries in fall and winter, including beautyberry, yaupon and hackberry.","dietShort":"Insects and berries","facts":["It has been the state bird of Texas since 1927.","A male may learn around 200 different songs.","It mimics other birds, car alarms and frogs.","It boldly dive-bombs cats, dogs and people near its nest."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"blue-jay","name":"Blue Jay","scientific":"Cyanocitta cristata","alsoResidency":["migrant"],"family":"Corvidae (crows and jays)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Blue_jay","idTips":"Bright blue crested songbird with white underparts, a black necklace and black-barred blue wings and tail.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}. Migrating flocks also pass through in spring and fall.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Neighborhoods with oaks, woodlands and parks","diet":"Acorns, nuts, seeds, insects and sometimes eggs.","dietShort":"Acorns, nuts and insects","facts":["It buries acorns and helps oak forests spread.","It often mimics the screams of Red-shouldered Hawks.","Its blue color comes from the structure of its feathers, not pigment.","It belongs to the crow family and is very intelligent."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -34b -24f -24b -23a","regional":{"31c":{"level":2}}},{"id":"carolina-wren","name":"Carolina Wren","scientific":"Thryothorus ludovicianus","family":"Troglodytidae (wrens)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Carolina_wren","idTips":"Small, round, rich rusty-brown bird with a bold white eyebrow stripe, buffy underparts and an often cocked-up tail.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}, where pairs hold territories all year.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Brushy yards, thickets and wooded areas","diet":"Insects and spiders.","dietShort":"Insects and spiders","facts":["Its loud 'teakettle-teakettle-teakettle' song is very loud for a bird its size.","It nests in odd spots like flowerpots, mailboxes and boots.","Pairs stay together year-round and may mate for life.","Harsh winters can sharply reduce its numbers farther north."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"25i":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -24f -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"carolina-chickadee","name":"Carolina Chickadee","scientific":"Poecile carolinensis","family":"Paridae (chickadees and titmice)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Carolina_chickadee","idTips":"Tiny, round-headed bird with a black cap and bib, white cheeks, gray back and pale buff underparts.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}. In winter it leads mixed flocks with titmice, kinglets and warblers.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, yards and parks with trees","diet":"Insects, caterpillars, seeds and berries. Caterpillars are critical for raising its young.","dietShort":"Insects, caterpillars and seeds","facts":["A pair needs thousands of caterpillars to raise one brood, which is why native trees matter.","The more 'dee' notes in its 'chick-a-dee-dee' call, the bigger the threat.","It nests in tree cavities and nest boxes.","It hides seeds to eat later."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"31c":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -25i -24f -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"tufted-titmouse","name":"Tufted Titmouse","scientific":"Baeolophus bicolor","family":"Paridae (chickadees and titmice)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Tufted_titmouse","idTips":"Small gray songbird with a pointed crest, large black eyes, a small black forehead patch and rusty sides.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Deciduous and mixed woodlands, yards and parks","diet":"Insects, seeds, acorns and nuts.","dietShort":"Insects, seeds and acorns","facts":["Its loud song sounds like 'peter-peter-peter.'","It lines its nest with hair, sometimes plucked from living animals.","It often travels with chickadees in winter flocks.","In Central Texas it is replaced by the Black-crested Titmouse."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -34b -31c -27h -25i -24f -24b -26c -23a","regional":{"32c":{"level":2},"30c":{"level":2}}},{"id":"mourning-dove","name":"Mourning Dove","scientific":"Zenaida macroura","family":"Columbidae (pigeons and doves)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Mourning_dove","idTips":"Slender, tan-brown dove with a small head, black spots on the wings and a long, pointed tail edged in white.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}, with more arriving from the north in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open fields, lawns, roadsides and power lines","diet":"Almost entirely seeds, eaten from the ground.","dietShort":"Seeds","facts":["Its wings make a whistling sound on takeoff.","It is one of the most widespread birds in North America.","Its soft, sad-sounding 'coo-OO-oo-oo' call gives it its name.","Both parents feed their chicks 'crop milk.'"],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"white-winged-dove","name":"White-winged Dove","scientific":"Zenaida asiatica","family":"Columbidae (pigeons and doves)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"White-winged_dove","idTips":"Stocky gray-brown dove with a bold white stripe along the edge of the folded wing, blue bare skin around a red eye, and a squared tail with white corners.","timing":"Present year-round and very common in {place}. It spread into the city from South Texas in the late 20th century.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Neighborhoods, parks and feeders","diet":"Seeds, grain and fruit. In its desert range it also eats saguaro cactus nectar and fruit.","dietShort":"Seeds, grain and fruit","facts":["It was once mostly a South Texas bird but is now abundant in {place}.","Its call sounds like 'who cooks for you.'","Its white wing stripes flash brightly in flight.","In Arizona it is an important pollinator of saguaro cactus."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"red-bellied-woodpecker","name":"Red-bellied Woodpecker","scientific":"Melanerpes carolinus","family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Red-bellied_woodpecker","idTips":"Medium woodpecker with a black-and-white zebra-barred back and a pale face. Males have a red cap from bill to nape. Females have red only on the nape. The faint reddish belly is hard to see.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, parks and neighborhoods with large trees","diet":"Insects, acorns, nuts, fruit and seeds.","dietShort":"Insects, nuts and fruit","facts":["Its red belly is so faint that its name confuses many birders.","Its tongue extends about 2 inches past its bill tip and is barbed for spearing insects.","It stores food in bark crevices.","European Starlings often steal its nest holes."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"27h":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -31c -24f -24b -23a"},{"id":"downy-woodpecker","name":"Downy Woodpecker","scientific":"Dryobates pubescens","family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Downy_woodpecker","idTips":"Smallest North American woodpecker. Black-and-white checkered wings, white back stripe, short, tiny bill, and a small red patch on the back of the head in males.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, yards and parks","diet":"Insects, beetle larvae, seeds and berries. It also visits suet feeders.","dietShort":"Insects and larvae","facts":["It is the smallest woodpecker in North America.","It looks almost identical to the larger Hairy Woodpecker, but its bill is much shorter.","It sometimes feeds on goldenrod galls to reach the larvae inside.","It often joins chickadee flocks in winter."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"27h":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -31c -24f -23a"},{"id":"pileated-woodpecker","name":"Pileated Woodpecker","scientific":"Dryocopus pileatus","family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Pileated_woodpecker","idTips":"Crow-sized black woodpecker with a flaming red crest, bold white stripes on the face and neck, and white wing linings in flight.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}-area woodlands, {bayou} forests and larger parks.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Mature forests, bottomlands and large wooded parks","diet":"Mostly carpenter ants and beetle larvae, plus wild fruit.","dietShort":"Carpenter ants and beetle larvae","facts":["It is the largest woodpecker in {place}, about the size of a crow.","It chisels distinctive rectangular holes in trees.","Its old nest holes are used by owls, ducks and other wildlife.","Its loud, wild 'wuk-wuk-wuk' call rings through bottomland forests."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"32a":{"level":2},"30c":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -31c -27h -25i -24f -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"red-shouldered-hawk","name":"Red-shouldered Hawk","scientific":"Buteo lineatus","family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Red-shouldered_hawk","idTips":"Medium hawk with a rusty-orange barred breast, black-and-white checkered wings and a boldly black-and-white banded tail. Translucent crescents show near the wingtips in flight.","timing":"Present year-round and {place}'s most common neighborhood hawk.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Wooded neighborhoods, {bayou}s and bottomland forests","diet":"Small mammals, frogs, snakes, lizards and crayfish.","dietShort":"Rodents, frogs, snakes and crayfish","facts":["Its loud 'kee-ah, kee-ah' call is often copied by Blue Jays.","Pairs often reuse the same nest for years.","It hunts by watching quietly from low perches.","It thrives in wooded {place} neighborhoods."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"25i":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -24f -24b -23a"},{"id":"great-horned-owl","name":"Great Horned Owl","scientific":"Bubo virginianus","family":"Strigidae (typical owls)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Great_horned_owl","idTips":"Large, bulky owl with prominent ear tufts, yellow eyes, a white throat patch and mottled gray-brown plumage with fine barring.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}. It is one of the earliest nesting birds and often lays eggs in December or January.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, parks, open country and suburbs","diet":"Rabbits, rodents, birds (including other owls), skunks and snakes.","dietShort":"Rabbits, rodents, birds and skunks","facts":["Its 'horns' are just feather tufts, not ears.","It nests in winter, earlier than almost any other Texas bird.","It is one of the few predators that regularly eats skunks.","Its deep, soft hooting is the classic owl call heard in movies."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"barred-owl","name":"Barred Owl","scientific":"Strix varia","family":"Strigidae (typical owls)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Barred_owl","idTips":"Large, round-headed owl with no ear tufts, dark brown eyes, horizontal bars on the upper chest and vertical streaks on the belly.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}'s wooded {bayou}s, bottomlands and large parks.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Bottomland forests, swamps and wooded {bayou}s","diet":"Rodents, frogs, crayfish, snakes and birds.","dietShort":"Rodents, frogs and crayfish","facts":["Its call sounds like 'Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you-all?'","It has dark brown eyes, unlike most owls' yellow eyes.","It is sometimes active and calling during the day.","It often hunts crayfish in shallow water."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"27h":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -25i -24f -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"eastern-screech-owl","name":"Eastern Screech-Owl","scientific":"Megascops asio","family":"Strigidae (typical owls)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Eastern_screech_owl","idTips":"Small owl with ear tufts and yellow eyes. It comes in gray or rusty-red forms with bark-like patterning.","timing":"Present year-round in {place} yards and parks.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Neighborhoods, parks and woodlands with tree cavities","diet":"Insects, rodents, small birds, lizards and earthworms.","dietShort":"Insects, rodents and small birds","facts":["It doesn't screech. It gives a descending whinny and a long trill.","It readily uses nest boxes in backyards.","It comes in gray and red color forms.","Pairs sometimes keep live blind snakes in the nest, which may help control insects there."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -24f -24b -23a"},{"id":"great-blue-heron","name":"Great Blue Heron","scientific":"Ardea herodias","family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Great_blue_heron","idTips":"Very tall blue-gray heron with long legs, an S-curved neck, a dagger-like yellowish bill and a white face with a black stripe over the eye.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}, with more arriving in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Bayous, ponds, marshes and the coast","diet":"Fish, frogs, snakes, crayfish and even small mammals.","dietShort":"Fish, frogs and crayfish","facts":["It is the largest heron in North America.","It flies with its neck tucked in an S-shape.","It nests in colonies called rookeries.","It can swallow fish much wider than its neck."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"great-egret","name":"Great Egret","scientific":"Ardea alba","family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Great_egret","idTips":"Tall, all-white heron with a yellow bill and black legs and feet.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}. It nests in colonies in spring and summer.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Bayous, wetlands, ponds and coastal marshes","diet":"Fish, frogs, crayfish and other small animals.","dietShort":"Fish and frogs","facts":["It was hunted nearly to extinction for its plumes, which were used on hats.","It is the symbol of the National Audubon Society.","Its breeding plumes are called aigrettes.","It nests at the High Island rookery on the Bolivar Peninsula."],"factRefs":{"3":[{"label":"Wikipedia: High Island, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Island,_Texas"}]},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"snowy-egret","name":"Snowy Egret","scientific":"Egretta thula","family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Snowy_egret","idTips":"Smaller white heron with a slim black bill, black legs and bright yellow feet, nicknamed 'golden slippers.'","timing":"Present year-round along the Upper Texas Coast and in {place} wetlands.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Marshes, shorelines and {bayou}s","diet":"Small fish, shrimp, crayfish and insects. It often stirs up prey with its yellow feet.","dietShort":"Small fish and shrimp","facts":["Its bright yellow feet are nicknamed 'golden slippers.'","It shuffles its feet in the water to stir up prey.","Its plumes were once worth more than gold by weight.","Protection laws such as the Migratory Bird Treaty Act helped it recover."],"regional":{"35a":{"level":2}},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -33e -24b -23a"},{"id":"roseate-spoonbill","name":"Roseate Spoonbill","scientific":"Platalea ajaja","family":"Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Roseate_spoonbill","idTips":"Bright pink wading bird with a flat, spoon-shaped bill and a bare greenish head.","timing":"Present year-round on the Upper Texas Coast, with the most birds in spring and summer during nesting.","timingShort":"Year-round, most common in summer","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Coastal marshes, wetlands and rice fields","diet":"Small fish, shrimp and aquatic insects, caught by sweeping its bill side to side.","dietShort":"Shrimp and small fish","facts":["Its pink color comes from carotenoids in the crustaceans it eats.","It feeds by sweeping its open spoon-shaped bill through the water.","It nests at the famous High Island rookery.","Like egrets, it was hunted for its feathers in the 1800s."],"range":"COAST 35b 35f","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"32a":{"level":2},"32c":{"level":2},"30c":{"level":2},"29d":{"level":2},"31c":{"level":2}}},{"id":"white-ibis","name":"White Ibis","scientific":"Eudocimus albus","family":"Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_white_ibis","idTips":"White wading bird with a long, down-curved red-pink bill, bare red face and pink legs. Black wingtips show in flight. Young birds are brown and white.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}, often probing lawns and {bayou}s.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Wetlands, {bayou}s, lawns and ditches","diet":"Crayfish, insects and small aquatic animals, found by probing mud.","dietShort":"Crayfish and insects","facts":["It finds prey by touch, probing mud with its curved bill.","It often probes wet lawns after rain.","Crayfish are a favorite food.","It flies in long lines or V-formations."],"regional":{"35a":{"level":2},"30c":{"level":2},"29d":{"level":2},"27h":{"level":2},"25i":{"level":2}},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -33e -24f -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"anhinga","name":"Anhinga","scientific":"Anhinga anhinga","family":"Anhingidae (darters)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Anhinga","idTips":"Long, snaky neck and sharp, pointed bill. Males are glossy black with silvery-white wing patches. Females have a tan head and neck. It often perches with its wings spread to dry.","timing":"Present year-round in the {place} area, with more birds in spring and summer.","timingShort":"Year-round, most common in summer","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Freshwater lakes, swamps and {bayou}s","diet":"Fish, which it spears underwater with its sharp bill.","dietShort":"Fish (speared underwater)","facts":["It is nicknamed 'snakebird' because it swims with only its neck above water.","It spears fish with its bill instead of grabbing them.","Its feathers aren't waterproof, so it spreads its wings to dry.","Brazos Bend State Park is a great place to see it."],"regional":{"35a":{"level":2},"33b":{"level":2},"32a":{"level":2},"32b":{"level":2},"32c":{"level":2},"30c":{"level":2},"29d":{"level":2},"27h":{"level":2}},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -33e -25i -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"brown-pelican","name":"Brown Pelican","scientific":"Pelecanus occidentalis","family":"Pelecanidae (pelicans)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"recovered","wiki":"Brown_pelican","idTips":"Large gray-brown pelican with a huge bill and throat pouch. Adults have a white or yellowish head. It dives headfirst into the water from the air.","timing":"Present year-round along Galveston Bay and the Gulf Coast.","timingShort":"Year-round coastal resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Coast, bays and beaches","diet":"Fish such as menhaden, caught by plunge-diving.","dietShort":"Fish (plunge-diving)","facts":["The pesticide DDT nearly wiped it out on the Texas coast.","It was removed from the Endangered Species List in 2009 after a remarkable recovery.","It is one of only two pelicans that dive for fish, and the only one that plunges from high in the air.","Its throat pouch can hold about 3 gallons of water."],"range":"COAST","factRefs":{"1":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Brown pelican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_pelican"}],"2":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Brown pelican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_pelican"},{"label":"Wikipedia: Peruvian pelican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_pelican"}]},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"32a":{"level":2},"32b":{"level":2},"30c":{"level":2},"31c":{"level":2}}},{"id":"laughing-gull","name":"Laughing Gull","scientific":"Leucophaeus atricilla","family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Laughing_gull","idTips":"Medium gull with a dark gray back and black wingtips. In summer it has a black hood and dark red bill. In winter the hood fades to gray smudges.","timing":"Present year-round along the Upper Texas Coast. It is the most common gull in summer.","timingShort":"Year-round coastal resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Beaches, bays, parking lots and the Galveston ferry","diet":"Fish, crabs, insects and human food scraps.","dietShort":"Fish, crabs and scraps","facts":["Its call sounds like laughter.","It follows the Galveston–Bolivar ferry for handouts.","Its black hood appears only in breeding season.","It was hunted heavily for feathers and eggs in the 1800s."],"range":"COAST","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"32a":{"level":2},"32c":{"level":2},"29d":{"level":2}}},{"id":"black-vulture","name":"Black Vulture","scientific":"Coragyps atratus","family":"Cathartidae (New World vultures)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black_vulture","idTips":"All-black vulture with a bare, wrinkled gray head, short tail and white patches at the wingtips in flight. It flaps more often than a Turkey Vulture.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open country, roadsides and the sky over the city","diet":"Carrion. It often follows Turkey Vultures to carcasses.","dietShort":"Carrion","facts":["It has a weak sense of smell, so it follows Turkey Vultures to food.","It cools off by urinating on its legs.","Family groups roost and feed together.","It has no voice box and can only hiss and grunt."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -25i -24f -23a"},{"id":"turkey-vulture","name":"Turkey Vulture","scientific":"Cathartes aura","alsoResidency":["migrant"],"family":"Cathartidae (New World vultures)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Turkey_vulture","idTips":"Large dark bird with a bare red head and two-toned wings, black in front and silvery-gray at the back. It soars with its wings held in a shallow V and rocks unsteadily.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}. Large migrating flocks pass through in fall.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open country, roadsides and the sky over the city","diet":"Carrion, found by smell.","dietShort":"Carrion (found by smell)","facts":["It can smell carrion from great distances, which is rare among birds.","Gas companies once used it to find pipeline leaks.","Its stomach acid kills dangerous bacteria like anthrax.","It soars with its wings held in a tilted V."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"killdeer","name":"Killdeer","scientific":"Charadrius vociferus","family":"Charadriidae (plovers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Killdeer","idTips":"Plover with brown upperparts, white underparts, two black breast bands and an orange rump in flight.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Fields, parking lots, ball fields and gravel roofs","diet":"Insects and other invertebrates.","dietShort":"Insects and worms","facts":["It fakes a broken wing to lure predators away from its nest.","Its name comes from its shrill 'kill-deer' call.","It nests right on bare ground or gravel.","Its chicks can run within hours of hatching."],"conservationNote":"Uplisted on the IUCN Red List (BirdLife International, 2024)","refs":[{"label":"IUCN Red List (via iNaturalist conservation status)","url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Charadrius%20vociferus&searchType=species"}],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"black-bellied-whistling-duck","name":"Black-bellied Whistling-Duck","scientific":"Dendrocygna autumnalis","family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black-bellied_whistling_duck","idTips":"Long-legged, long-necked duck with a bright pink-red bill, gray face, chestnut body, black belly and bold white wing stripes in flight.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}, with the most birds in spring and summer.","timingShort":"Year-round, most common in summer","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Ponds, retention ponds, rice fields and parks","diet":"Seeds, grain and aquatic plants.","dietShort":"Seeds and grain","facts":["It whistles instead of quacking.","It nests in tree cavities and nest boxes.","It often perches in trees and on rooftops.","It spread rapidly into the {place} area in recent decades."],"regional":{"35a":{"level":2}},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -24b -23a"},{"id":"mottled-duck","name":"Mottled Duck","scientific":"Anas fulvigula","family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"declining","wiki":"Mottled_duck","idTips":"Mallard-like brown duck that is darker and warmer brown than a female mallard. It has a plain buffy head, an unmarked yellow bill in males, and a teal-blue wing patch without white borders.","timing":"Present year-round on the Upper Texas Coast. It is one of the few ducks that nests here.","timingShort":"Year-round coastal resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Coastal marshes, prairie wetlands and ditches","diet":"Seeds, aquatic plants, snails and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds, plants and snails","facts":["It is one of the few ducks that lives year-round on the Texas coast.","Texas coastal populations have declined from loss of coastal marsh habitat.","It closely resembles a female Mallard.","Interbreeding with Mallards threatens it."],"range":"COAST","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"red-winged-blackbird","name":"Red-winged Blackbird","scientific":"Agelaius phoeniceus","dimorphic":true,"family":"Icteridae (blackbirds)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Red-winged_blackbird","idTips":"Males are glossy black with red-and-yellow shoulder patches. Females are streaky brown, like a large sparrow.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}, with big flocks in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Marshes, ditches, wet fields and ponds","diet":"Insects in summer, seeds and grain in winter.","dietShort":"Insects and seeds","facts":["Its song sounds like 'conk-la-reeee!'","Males can have several mates on one territory.","It is one of the most abundant birds in North America.","Males fiercely chase hawks and people from their nests."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"great-tailed-grackle","name":"Great-tailed Grackle","scientific":"Quiscalus mexicanus","dimorphic":true,"family":"Icteridae (blackbirds)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Great-tailed_grackle","idTips":"Males are large, glossy iridescent black-purple birds with yellow eyes and a huge, keel-shaped tail. Females are smaller and brown.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}. Huge flocks roost noisily in parking lot trees.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Parking lots, cities, fields and marshes","diet":"Nearly anything, including insects, seeds, fruit, lizards, eggs and french fries.","dietShort":"Nearly anything","facts":["Its huge, noisy flocks gather in shopping center parking lot trees at dusk.","Its range has expanded rapidly northward with agriculture and cities.","Males fold their tail into a V-shaped keel.","It makes a remarkable variety of whistles, clicks and squeaks."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"eastern-bluebird","name":"Eastern Bluebird","scientific":"Sialia sialis","dimorphic":true,"family":"Turdidae (thrushes)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Eastern_bluebird","imageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sialia_sialis_male_Pennington_NJ.jpg/960px-Sialia_sialis_male_Pennington_NJ.jpg","photoCredit":"Nathan Siemers, via Wikimedia Commons","idTips":"Small thrush. Males are bright blue above with a rusty-orange throat and breast and a white belly. Females are grayer with a blue tinge on the wings and tail.","timing":"Present year-round in the {place} area, especially in open country, parks and golf courses.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open fields, pastures, parks and golf courses","diet":"Insects in summer and berries in winter, such as yaupon, poison ivy and hackberry.","dietShort":"Insects and berries","facts":["Nest box 'bluebird trails' helped it recover from steep declines.","European Starlings and House Sparrows compete with it for nest holes.","It drops from perches to catch insects on the ground.","It can spot tiny insects from about 60 feet away."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":2}}},{"id":"pine-warbler","name":"Pine Warbler","scientific":"Setophaga pinus","alsoResidency":["winter"],"family":"Parulidae (New World warblers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Pine_warbler","idTips":"Plain, olive-yellow warbler with a yellow throat and breast, faint streaks on the sides, and two white wing bars.","timing":"Present year-round in pine forests north of {place}, with more birds spreading around the city in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round resident in pines","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Pine forests and yards with pines","diet":"Insects and pine seeds. It is one of the few warblers that eats seeds and visits feeders.","dietShort":"Insects and pine seeds","facts":["It is one of the only warblers that regularly eats seeds.","It lives almost exclusively in pine trees.","Its song is a musical trill.","It stays in the U.S. year-round rather than migrating to the tropics."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"27h":{"level":2},"25i":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -24f -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"brown-headed-nuthatch","name":"Brown-headed Nuthatch","scientific":"Sitta pusilla","family":"Sittidae (nuthatches)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Brown-headed_nuthatch","idTips":"Tiny, short-tailed bird with a brown cap, a white spot on the nape, a gray-blue back and buffy underparts. It creeps along pine bark and branches.","timing":"Present year-round in Piney Woods pine forests, such as W.G. Jones State Forest in Conroe.","timingShort":"Year-round resident in pines","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Mature pine forests","diet":"Insects and pine seeds.","dietShort":"Insects and pine seeds","facts":["Its call sounds like a squeaky rubber duck.","It is one of the few birds known to use tools. It pries bark with a flake of bark.","It depends on mature, open pine forests maintained by fire.","It sometimes has helpers at the nest, usually its own grown offspring."],"range":"PINEY 33e 34a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"red-cockaded-woodpecker","name":"Red-cockaded Woodpecker","scientific":"Dryobates borealis","family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"threatened","wiki":"Red-cockaded_woodpecker","imageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Red-cockaded_woodpecker_palmetto_peartree_preserve_10.5.24_DSC_0114-topaz-rawdenoise.jpg/960px-Red-cockaded_woodpecker_palmetto_peartree_preserve_10.5.24_DSC_0114-topaz-rawdenoise.jpg","photoCredit":"Palmetto Peartree Preserve, via Wikimedia Commons","idTips":"Small black-and-white woodpecker with a ladder-barred back, a black cap and nape, and a large white cheek patch. The male's red 'cockade' is a tiny streak behind the eye that is rarely visible.","timing":"Present year-round in mature pine forests such as Sam Houston National Forest and W.G. Jones State Forest in Conroe.","timingShort":"Year-round resident in old pine forests","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Old-growth, fire-maintained pine forests","diet":"Ants, beetles and other insects found under pine bark.","dietShort":"Insects under pine bark","facts":["It is the only North American woodpecker that excavates nest holes in living pines.","It drills small wells around its nest hole so sticky sap flows and deters rat snakes.","It was downlisted from Endangered to Threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2024.","Family groups include 'helper' birds, usually grown sons, that help raise the young."],"range":"PINEY 33e","factRefs":{"2":[{"label":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: Red-cockaded woodpecker","url":"https://www.fws.gov/species/red-cockaded-woodpecker-dryobates-borealis"}]},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"attwaters-prairie-chicken","name":"Attwater's Prairie-Chicken","scientific":"Tympanuchus cupido attwateri","family":"Phasianidae (grouse and pheasants)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"endangered","wiki":"Attwater's_prairie_chicken","allAboutBirds":"Greater_Prairie-Chicken","idTips":"Chicken-like grouse with heavy brown-and-white barring. Males have orange air sacs on the neck and long, dark 'ear' feathers called pinnae that they raise during courtship displays.","timing":"Present year-round in coastal prairie at Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge near Eagle Lake and The Nature Conservancy's Texas City Prairie Preserve.","timingShort":"Year-round; very rare","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Native coastal tallgrass prairie","diet":"Leaves, seeds and insects. Young chicks depend on insects.","dietShort":"Plants, seeds and insects","facts":["It is one of the most endangered birds in North America.","Fewer than about 1% of its original coastal prairie habitat remains.","Males 'boom' on display grounds called leks, inflating their orange neck sacs.","Zoos, including the Houston Zoo, raise birds for release into the wild."],"range":"34b 34c 34h","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"bald-eagle","name":"Bald Eagle","scientific":"Haliaeetus leucocephalus","alsoResidency":["winter"],"family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"recovered","wiki":"Bald_eagle","idTips":"Huge dark-brown raptor with a white head and tail and a massive yellow bill. Young birds are mottled brown and white for about five years.","timing":"Present year-round in small numbers around {place}-area lakes and reservoirs. It nests in winter and is easiest to see from fall through spring.","timingShort":"Year-round, nests in winter","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Lakes, reservoirs, rivers and the coast","diet":"Fish, waterfowl and carrion. It also steals fish from Ospreys.","dietShort":"Fish and waterfowl","facts":["It was removed from the Endangered Species List in 2007 after the pesticide DDT was banned.","In Texas it nests in winter, unlike northern eagles.","It often steals fish from Ospreys.","Its nests can weigh more than a ton."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"31c":{"level":2},"27h":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -24f -23a"},{"id":"greater-roadrunner","name":"Greater Roadrunner","scientific":"Geococcyx californianus","level":1,"range":"POST BLACK CROSS EDW STX ROLL 25i 24b 24f 26c 23a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Cuculidae (cuckoos and roadrunners)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Greater_roadrunner","idTips":"A big, streaky brown-and-white ground bird nearly 2 feet long, with a shaggy crest, a long tail held up at an angle, a long heavy bill and a bare blue-and-orange patch behind the eye. It runs instead of flying.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in open brushy country.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open brush, pastures, savanna and edges of towns","diet":"Lizards, snakes, insects, mice and small birds.","dietShort":"Lizards and insects","facts":["It can run about 20 miles per hour.","It is one of the few animals that hunts and eats rattlesnakes.","It suns itself in the morning by raising its back feathers to expose dark skin.","It is a member of the cuckoo family."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Greater roadrunner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_roadrunner"},{"label":"All About Birds: Greater Roadrunner","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Greater_Roadrunner"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Greater roadrunner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_roadrunner"},{"label":"All About Birds: Greater Roadrunner","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Greater_Roadrunner"}],"1":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Greater roadrunner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_roadrunner"},{"label":"All About Birds: Greater Roadrunner","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Greater_Roadrunner"}],"2":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Greater roadrunner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_roadrunner"},{"label":"All About Birds: Greater Roadrunner","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Greater_Roadrunner"}],"3":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Greater roadrunner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_roadrunner"},{"label":"All About Birds: Greater Roadrunner","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Greater_Roadrunner"}]}},{"id":"wild-turkey","name":"Wild Turkey","scientific":"Meleagris gallopavo","level":2,"range":"POST BLACK CROSS EDW STX ROLL 35a 25i 24b 26c 23a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","dimorphic":true,"family":"Phasianidae (turkeys and pheasants)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Wild_turkey","idTips":"A huge, dark, bronze-iridescent ground bird. Males (toms) have a bare blue-and-red head, a red wattle, a hair-like 'beard' on the chest and fan their tails in display; females are smaller and duller.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in woods and pastures.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Oak woodlands, savanna, pastures and river bottoms","diet":"Acorns, seeds, berries, insects and small lizards.","dietShort":"Acorns, seeds and insects","facts":["Males gobble loudly in spring to attract hens.","It roosts high in trees at night.","Despite its size, it can fly short distances at high speed.","Restocking programs brought it back after it nearly vanished from much of its range."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Wild turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_turkey"},{"label":"All About Birds: Wild Turkey","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Wild_Turkey"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Wild turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_turkey"},{"label":"All About Birds: Wild Turkey","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Wild_Turkey"}],"1":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Wild turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_turkey"},{"label":"All About Birds: Wild Turkey","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Wild_Turkey"}],"2":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Wild turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_turkey"},{"label":"All About Birds: Wild Turkey","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Wild_Turkey"}],"3":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Wild turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_turkey"},{"label":"All About Birds: Wild Turkey","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Wild_Turkey"}]},"regional":{"32b":{"level":1},"30c":{"level":1},"31c":{"level":1},"27h":{"level":1},"25i":{"level":1}}},{"id":"great-kiskadee","name":"Great Kiskadee","scientific":"Pitangus sulphuratus","range":"SCP RGV STX LAGUNA","family":"Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)","wiki":"Great_kiskadee","idTips":"A big, loud flycatcher with a bright yellow belly, rufous wings and tail, and a bold black-and-white striped head with a hidden yellow crown patch. Heavy black bill.","timing":"Present year-round around {place}, usually near water.","habitat":"Wooded creeks, ponds, parks and neighborhoods near water","diet":"Insects, small fish, frogs, lizards and fruit.","dietShort":"Insects, fish and fruit","facts":["It is named for its loud call, which sounds like 'kis-ka-dee!'","It dives into water like a kingfisher to catch small fish.","Its range has been spreading north along the Texas coast in recent decades.","It builds a large, domed nest with a side entrance."],"residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"timingShort":"Year-round resident","refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Great Kiskadee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_kiskadee"},{"label":"All About Birds: Great Kiskadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Great_Kiskadee"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Great Kiskadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Great_Kiskadee"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Great Kiskadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Great_Kiskadee"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Great Kiskadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Great_Kiskadee"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Great Kiskadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Great_Kiskadee"}]}},{"id":"golden-fronted-woodpecker","name":"Golden-fronted Woodpecker","scientific":"Melanerpes aurifrons","range":"SCP RGV STX EDW CROSS ROLL 32a 25i 24b 26c","family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","wiki":"Golden-fronted_woodpecker","idTips":"A zebra-backed woodpecker with plain tan underparts, a yellow-orange nape and a yellow patch above the bill. Males also have a small red crown. Like the Red-bellied Woodpecker, but with gold instead of red on the nape.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in mesquite, oaks and towns.","habitat":"Mesquite brush, oak mottes, river woods and neighborhoods","diet":"Insects, acorns, nuts and fruit, including cactus fruit.","dietShort":"Insects, nuts and fruit","facts":["It often stains its face purple eating prickly pear fruit.","It replaces the Red-bellied Woodpecker in much of South and Central Texas.","It often drills nest holes in utility poles and fence posts.","It stores nuts and acorns in crevices."],"residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"timingShort":"Year-round resident","refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Golden-fronted Woodpecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden-fronted_woodpecker"},{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-fronted Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-fronted_Woodpecker"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-fronted Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-fronted_Woodpecker"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-fronted Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-fronted_Woodpecker"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-fronted Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-fronted_Woodpecker"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-fronted Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-fronted_Woodpecker"}]}},{"id":"green-jay","name":"Green Jay","scientific":"Cyanocorax yncas","range":"SCP RGV STX","family":"Corvidae (crows and jays)","wiki":"Green_jay","idTips":"A brilliant jay with a green back and tail, yellow outer tail feathers and belly, a black bib and a blue-and-violet head. Unmistakable in Texas.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in thick brush and woods.","habitat":"Dense brush, thorn scrub, river woods and feeders","diet":"Insects, seeds, fruit and small vertebrates.","dietShort":"Insects, seeds and fruit","facts":["In the United States it lives only in South Texas.","It travels in noisy family flocks.","Young from earlier broods sometimes help their parents raise new chicks.","It makes a wide range of calls, including rattles and harsh scolds."],"residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"timingShort":"Year-round resident","refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Green Jay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_jay"},{"label":"All About Birds: Green Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Green_Jay"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Green Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Green_Jay"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Green Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Green_Jay"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Green Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Green_Jay"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Green Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Green_Jay"}]}},{"id":"golden-cheeked-warbler","name":"Golden-cheeked Warbler","scientific":"Setophaga chrysoparia","range":"30a 30c -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW","family":"Parulidae (New World warblers)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"endangered","conservationNote":"Federally listed as endangered since 1990 because of the loss of mature Ashe juniper–oak woodland.","wiki":"Golden-cheeked_warbler","dimorphic":true,"idTips":"A small warbler with bright golden-yellow cheeks, a black line through the eye, a black throat (males) or pale throat (females), black-streaked white sides and a white belly.","timing":"A summer resident in {place}'s juniper-oak canyons from March to July.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Mar–Jul","months":[3,4,5,6,7],"habitat":"Mature Ashe juniper and oak woodland in Hill Country canyons","diet":"Caterpillars, spiders and other insects gleaned from oaks.","dietShort":"Insects","facts":["It is the only bird that nests only in Texas.","It builds its nest from strips of bark peeled from mature Ashe junipers.","It spends winters in the pine-oak forests of Central America.","It is federally listed as endangered."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Golden-cheeked Warbler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden-cheeked_warbler"},{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-cheeked Warbler","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-cheeked_Warbler"},{"label":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: Golden-cheeked warbler","url":"https://www.fws.gov/species/golden-cheeked-warbler-setophaga-chrysoparia"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-cheeked Warbler","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-cheeked_Warbler"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-cheeked Warbler","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-cheeked_Warbler"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-cheeked Warbler","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-cheeked_Warbler"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Golden-cheeked Warbler","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Golden-cheeked_Warbler"}]},"regional":{"CROSS":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7]}}},{"id":"black-chinned-hummingbird","name":"Black-chinned Hummingbird","scientific":"Archilochus alexandri","range":"EDW STX CROSS ROLL TRANS HIGH 32a 32c","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW","family":"Trochilidae (hummingbirds)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black-chinned_hummingbird","dimorphic":true,"idTips":"A small, slender hummingbird with a green back. Males have a black chin with a thin purple band below it that flashes in good light; females are plain whitish below. It pumps its tail while hovering.","timing":"A summer resident around {place} from about March to September.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Mar–Sep","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Canyons, creeks, towns and gardens with flowers and feeders","diet":"Nectar, plus tiny insects and spiders.","dietShort":"Nectar and insects","facts":["Its purple throat band looks black unless light hits it just right.","It is the most common breeding hummingbird in the Hill Country.","It often perches on the tip of a bare twig between feeding trips.","Its nest is a tiny cup of plant down bound with spider silk."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Black-chinned Hummingbird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-chinned_hummingbird"},{"label":"All About Birds: Black-chinned Hummingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-chinned_Hummingbird"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-chinned Hummingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-chinned_Hummingbird"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-chinned Hummingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-chinned_Hummingbird"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-chinned Hummingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-chinned_Hummingbird"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-chinned Hummingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-chinned_Hummingbird"}]},"regional":{"CROSS":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7]},"ROLL":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"TRANS":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]}}},{"id":"ladder-backed-woodpecker","name":"Ladder-backed Woodpecker","scientific":"Dryobates scalaris","range":"EDW STX TRANS HIGH ROLL CROSS 32a SCP RGV","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Ladder-backed_woodpecker","dimorphic":true,"idTips":"A small woodpecker with black-and-white horizontal bars across the back like ladder rungs, a black-and-white striped face and buffy, spotted underparts. Males have a red crown.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in brush and dry woods.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Mesquite, juniper and oak brush, desert scrub and towns","diet":"Insects and larvae dug from bark and branches, plus some fruit.","dietShort":"Insects","facts":["Its back is barred black and white like the rungs of a ladder.","It replaces the Downy Woodpecker in dry, brushy country.","It often forages low on shrubs, cactus and yucca stalks.","Males have a red crown; females have a black one."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Ladder-backed Woodpecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder-backed_woodpecker"},{"label":"All About Birds: Ladder-backed Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ladder-backed_Woodpecker"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Ladder-backed Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ladder-backed_Woodpecker"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Ladder-backed Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ladder-backed_Woodpecker"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Ladder-backed Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ladder-backed_Woodpecker"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Ladder-backed Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ladder-backed_Woodpecker"}]}},{"id":"pyrrhuloxia","name":"Pyrrhuloxia","scientific":"Cardinalis sinuatus","range":"STX TRANS EDW 34d RGV ROLL 25i 26c","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Cardinalidae (cardinals and grosbeaks)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Pyrrhuloxia","idTips":"A gray cousin of the cardinal with a tall red-tipped crest, a red face and breast stripe on males, and a short, stubby, curved yellow bill.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in thorn brush.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Mesquite and thorn scrub, desert brush and ranch land","diet":"Seeds, insects and cactus fruit.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["It looks like a gray Northern Cardinal with a yellow parrot-like bill.","Its short, curved bill is shaped for cracking hard seeds.","It shares South Texas brush with the Northern Cardinal.","In winter it forms small flocks."],"dimorphic":true,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Pyrrhuloxia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrhuloxia"},{"label":"All About Birds: Pyrrhuloxia","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pyrrhuloxia"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Pyrrhuloxia","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pyrrhuloxia"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Pyrrhuloxia","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pyrrhuloxia"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Pyrrhuloxia","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pyrrhuloxia"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Pyrrhuloxia","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pyrrhuloxia"}]}},{"id":"long-billed-thrasher","name":"Long-billed Thrasher","scientific":"Toxostoma longirostre","range":"STX SCP RGV 34d","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Mimidae (mockingbirds and thrashers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Long-billed_thrasher","idTips":"A rusty-brown thrasher with a gray face, orange eyes, black-streaked white underparts and a long, slightly curved black bill. Grayer-faced and darker-billed than the Brown Thrasher.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in dense brush.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Dense thornscrub, river woods and brushy yards","diet":"Insects and other invertebrates from leaf litter, plus berries.","dietShort":"Insects and berries","facts":["It tosses leaf litter aside with its long bill to find insects.","In the U.S. it lives mainly in South Texas.","It is a loud, varied singer like its cousin the mockingbird.","Its orange eyes stand out against its gray face."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Long-billed Thrasher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-billed_thrasher"},{"label":"All About Birds: Long-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Thrasher"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Long-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Thrasher"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Long-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Thrasher"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Long-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Thrasher"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Long-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Long-billed_Thrasher"}]}}],"birds/migrants":[{"id":"ruby-throated-hummingbird","name":"Ruby-throated Hummingbird","scientific":"Archilochus colubris","alsoResidency":["migrant"],"dimorphic":true,"family":"Trochilidae (hummingbirds)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Ruby-throated_hummingbird","idTips":"Tiny emerald-green hummingbird with a white belly. Males have a glowing ruby-red throat (gorget) that can look black in poor light. Females have a plain white throat.","timing":"Arrives in {place} in March after crossing the Gulf of Mexico. Some stay to breed, but the biggest numbers pass through during fall migration from August to October.","timingShort":"Spring arrival in Mar; peak fall migration Aug–Oct","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Gardens, woodland edges and feeders","diet":"Nectar from tubular red flowers, plus tiny insects and spiders for protein.","dietShort":"Nectar and tiny insects","facts":["Many fly nonstop across the Gulf of Mexico, about 500 miles, in a single trip.","It nearly doubles its body weight before migrating.","It beats its wings about 50–60 times per second.","It is the only hummingbird that regularly breeds in the eastern U.S."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,8,9,10],"residency":"migrant"},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,8,9],"residency":"migrant"},"STX":{"months":[4,5,9,10],"residency":"migrant"},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,8,9,10],"residency":"migrant"},"HIGH":{"months":[8,9,10],"residency":"migrant","level":2},"TRANS":{"months":[4,8,9,10],"residency":"migrant"}},"range":"ALL -24f -23a"},{"id":"rufous-hummingbird","range":"ALL -35a -33f -CROSS -STX -ROLL -24f -26c","name":"Rufous Hummingbird","scientific":"Selasphorus rufus","dimorphic":true,"family":"Trochilidae (hummingbirds)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Rufous_hummingbird","idTips":"Small hummingbird. Males are bright orange-rufous on the back and sides with an iridescent orange-red throat. Females are green above with rufous sides and tail base.","timing":"An uncommon but regular winter visitor to {place} gardens from October to March. It is the hummingbird most likely to stay at a feeder through winter.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Mar","months":[1,2,3,10,11,12],"habitat":"Gardens and feeders in winter","diet":"Nectar and small insects.","dietShort":"Nectar and insects","facts":["Its migration is among the longest of any bird relative to its body size.","It is famously aggressive at feeders.","It breeds as far north as Alaska.","Leaving a feeder up in winter can help it survive the season in {place}."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[7,8,9,10],"residency":"migrant"},"TRANS":{"months":[7,8,9],"residency":"migrant"}}},{"id":"scissor-tailed-flycatcher","name":"Scissor-tailed Flycatcher","scientific":"Tyrannus forficatus","family":"Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Scissor-tailed_flycatcher","idTips":"Elegant pale gray flycatcher with salmon-pink flanks and wing linings and an extremely long, forked tail that opens like scissors.","timing":"A summer resident in {place} from about March to October. It gathers in large flocks before migrating to Mexico and Central America.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Mar–Oct","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Open country, fence lines and power lines","diet":"Grasshoppers, beetles and other flying insects.","dietShort":"Grasshoppers and flying insects","facts":["Its tail can be longer than its body.","It sometimes uses string and cigarette filters in its nest.","Males perform tumbling 'sky dances' with their long tails streaming."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"STX":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]}},"range":"ALL -24f -23a"},{"id":"purple-martin","name":"Purple Martin","scientific":"Progne subis","family":"Hirundinidae (swallows)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Purple_martin","idTips":"Largest North American swallow. Males are glossy dark blue-purple all over. Females are duller with grayish underparts. It has broad, triangular wings.","timing":"One of the first spring migrants, arriving in {place} as early as January–February. It breeds through summer and gathers in huge pre-migration roosts in July–August before flying to Brazil.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Jan/Feb–Aug","months":[2,3,4,5,6,7,8],"habitat":"Open areas near martin houses and water","diet":"Flying insects such as dragonflies, caught on the wing.","dietShort":"Flying insects","facts":["In the eastern U.S. it nests almost entirely in human-made martin houses and gourds.","It winters in South America, mainly Brazil.","Its pre-migration roosts can hold tens of thousands of birds and show up on weather radar.","It does not eat large numbers of mosquitoes, despite the popular myth."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7]},"CROSS":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8]},"STX":{"months":[2,3,4,5,6,7,8]},"ROLL":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7]},"HIGH":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7]}},"range":"ALL -TRANS"},{"id":"chimney-swift","name":"Chimney Swift","scientific":"Chaetura pelagica","family":"Apodidae (swifts)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"vulnerable","wiki":"Chimney_swift","idTips":"Small sooty-gray bird with long, curved, stiff wings and a short tail, nicknamed a 'flying cigar.' It flies with rapid, twinkling wingbeats and chattering calls.","timing":"A summer resident in {place} from about late March to October. It winters in the Amazon Basin.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Mar–Oct","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Sky over towns, with nests in chimneys","diet":"Flying insects, caught on the wing.","dietShort":"Flying insects","facts":["It cannot perch upright. It clings to vertical walls inside chimneys.","It spends almost its entire life flying.","It glues its nest to chimney walls with its saliva.","It is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN because of steep population declines."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,9]}},"range":"ALL -STX -TRANS"},{"id":"barn-swallow","name":"Barn Swallow","scientific":"Hirundo rustica","alsoResidency":["migrant"],"family":"Hirundinidae (swallows)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Barn_swallow","idTips":"Glossy steel-blue above, rusty-orange below, with a rusty forehead and a deeply forked, streamer-like tail.","timing":"A summer resident in {place} from about February/March to October. Many more pass through during migration.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Feb–Oct","months":[2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Open fields, bridges, barns and water","diet":"Flying insects caught low over fields and water.","dietShort":"Flying insects","facts":["It builds mud-cup nests under bridges and eaves.","It is the most widespread swallow in the world.","Females prefer males with the longest tail streamers.","It often follows mowers and people to catch the insects they flush."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8]},"STX":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"TRANS":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"painted-bunting","name":"Painted Bunting","scientific":"Passerina ciris","alsoResidency":["migrant"],"dimorphic":true,"family":"Cardinalidae (cardinals)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"declining","wiki":"Painted_bunting","idTips":"Males look like a rainbow with a blue head, red underparts and a lime-green back. Females are bright lime-green all over, a shade unique among North American songbirds.","timing":"A spring migrant and summer resident from about April to September, breeding in brushy areas around {place}. It is often seen at coastal migration hotspots in April.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Apr–Sep","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Brushy thickets, woodland edges and coastal scrub","diet":"Seeds, especially grass seeds, and insects in breeding season.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["It is often called the most colorful bird in North America.","French settlers called it 'nonpareil,' meaning 'without equal.'","Males don't get their rainbow colors until their second year.","Illegal trapping for the cage-bird trade, mainly in Mexico and the Caribbean, threatens it."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8]},"STX":{"months":[4,5,6,7]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9]},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"prothonotary-warbler","name":"Prothonotary Warbler","scientific":"Protonotaria citrea","family":"Parulidae (New World warblers)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"declining","wiki":"Prothonotary_warbler","idTips":"Brilliant golden-yellow head and body, blue-gray wings without wing bars, and a dark eye on a plain yellow face.","timing":"Arrives in March and April and breeds in {place}-area swamps and bottomlands through summer. It leaves in August and September for Central and South America.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Mar–Sep","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Flooded bottomland forests and cypress swamps","diet":"Insects, snails and spiders.","dietShort":"Insects and snails","facts":["It is one of only two North American warblers that nest in tree cavities.","It is named after golden-robed church clerks called prothonotaries.","It is a classic bird of Brazos Bend and Sheldon Lake State Parks.","It readily uses nest boxes placed over water."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","range":"ALL -33e -32b -EDW -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7]},"31c":{"level":2}}},{"id":"swallow-tailed-kite","range":"ALL -35a -33e -32b -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","name":"Swallow-tailed Kite","scientific":"Elanoides forficatus","alsoResidency":["migrant"],"family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"threatened","conservationNote":"Listed as Threatened in Texas","wiki":"Swallow-tailed_kite","idTips":"Striking white-and-black raptor with a deeply forked, swallow-like tail. It soars and swoops gracefully.","timing":"A rare summer breeder in Southeast Texas river bottomlands from about March to August. It passes along the coast in migration.","timingShort":"Rare summer resident, Mar–Aug","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8],"habitat":"Tall bottomland forests along rivers","diet":"Insects, lizards, frogs and nestlings, snatched from treetops in flight.","dietShort":"Insects and lizards (caught in flight)","facts":["It eats and drinks while flying.","Texas lists it as a state Threatened species.","It once bred as far north as Minnesota, across much of the Mississippi Valley.","It often drinks by skimming the water's surface in flight."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"mississippi-kite","name":"Mississippi Kite","scientific":"Ictinia mississippiensis","alsoResidency":["summer"],"family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Mississippi_kite","idTips":"Sleek gray raptor with a pale gray head, dark tail, long pointed falcon-like wings and red eyes.","timing":"Passes through {place} in large migrating flocks in late April–May and especially August–September. A few breed locally.","timingShort":"Migrant, Apr–May and Aug–Sep","months":[4,5,8,9],"habitat":"Sky over parks, neighborhoods and fields","diet":"Large flying insects such as cicadas and dragonflies, caught and eaten in flight.","dietShort":"Cicadas and dragonflies","facts":["Flocks of hundreds migrate over {place} in late summer.","It catches and eats insects in flight.","On the Great Plains it often nests in towns, parks and golf courses.","It may dive at people who come near its nest."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"},"STX":{"months":[4,5,8,9]},"31c":{"level":2,"months":[4,5,8,9]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"},"HIGH":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"broad-winged-hawk","name":"Broad-winged Hawk","scientific":"Buteo platypterus","family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Broad-winged_hawk","idTips":"Compact, crow-sized hawk. In flight from below it shows pale wings with dark borders and a tail with bold black and white bands.","timing":"One of {place}'s most spectacular migrations. 'Kettles' of thousands, sometimes tens of thousands in a day, pass over in late September. Smaller flights pass in spring.","timingShort":"Fall migrant, peaks late Sept","months":[9,10],"habitat":"Seen overhead in migrating kettles","diet":"Small mammals, frogs, toads and insects.","dietShort":"Small mammals, frogs and insects","facts":["Huge swirling flocks of migrating hawks are called 'kettles.'","The Smith Point Hawk Watch on Galveston Bay counts it every fall.","It rides rising warm air (thermals) to migrate with little flapping.","It migrates between North and South America without crossing open salt water."],"factRefs":{"3":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Broad-winged hawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-winged_hawk"}]},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[3,4,9,10]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,9,10]},"STX":{"months":[3,4,5,8,9,10]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,8,9,10]}},"range":"ALL -ROLL -TRANS -26c"},{"id":"osprey","name":"Osprey","scientific":"Pandion haliaetus","alsoResidency":["year-round"],"family":"Pandionidae (ospreys)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Osprey","idTips":"Large brown-and-white raptor with a white belly, a dark eye stripe and long wings with a distinct crook (gull-wing shape) in flight.","timing":"Common from fall through spring on {place}-area lakes, {bayou}s and the coast. A small but growing number nest locally.","timingShort":"Mostly a winter visitor, Sep–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Lakes, reservoirs, bays and {bayou}s","diet":"Almost entirely live fish, caught feet-first in dives.","dietShort":"Fish only","facts":["It plunges feet-first into water to catch fish.","Its reversible outer toe and spiny foot pads help it grip slippery fish.","It carries fish headfirst to reduce wind drag.","It is the only North American raptor that eats almost nothing but live fish."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[3,4,5,9,10,11],"residency":"migrant"},"HIGH":{"months":[3,4,5,9,10,11],"residency":"migrant"},"TRANS":{"months":[3,4,5,8,9,10],"residency":"migrant"}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"yellow-rumped-warbler","name":"Yellow-rumped Warbler","scientific":"Setophaga coronata","family":"Parulidae (New World warblers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Yellow-rumped_warbler","idTips":"Gray-brown in winter with streaks, a bright yellow rump patch, and small yellow patches on the sides. Breeding males are gray with black, white and yellow.","timing":"{place}'s most abundant winter warbler, from about October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, yards and wax myrtle thickets","diet":"Insects, plus waxy berries such as wax myrtle and poison ivy in winter.","dietShort":"Insects and waxy berries","facts":["Birders nickname it 'butterbutt' for its yellow rump.","It can digest the wax in wax myrtle berries, which lets it winter farther north than other warblers.","Its call is a sharp 'check.'","It is the most common warbler in {place} in winter."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12]}}},{"id":"ruby-crowned-kinglet","name":"Ruby-crowned Kinglet","scientific":"Corthylio calendula","family":"Regulidae (kinglets)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Ruby-crowned_kinglet","idTips":"Tiny, olive-green bird with a broken white eye ring, white wing bars, and constant wing-flicking. Males have a red crown patch that is usually hidden.","timing":"A common winter visitor to {place} from about October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, yards and shrubs","diet":"Tiny insects and spiders, plus some berries.","dietShort":"Tiny insects and spiders","facts":["It constantly flicks its wings while it forages.","Males flash their hidden red crown when excited.","Its clutch of up to 12 eggs can weigh as much as the female herself.","It sings a surprisingly loud song for its size."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]}}},{"id":"american-robin","name":"American Robin","scientific":"Turdus migratorius","alsoResidency":["year-round"],"family":"Turdidae (thrushes)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_robin","idTips":"Gray-brown thrush with a warm orange breast, dark head, a broken white eye ring and a yellow bill.","timing":"Arrives in {place} in big flocks in winter, from about November to March, to eat berries. Small numbers breed locally.","timingShort":"Winter flocks, Nov–Mar","months":[1,2,3,11,12],"habitat":"Lawns, woodlands and berry-filled yards","diet":"Earthworms and insects, plus berries such as yaupon, possumhaw and hackberry in winter.","dietShort":"Worms, insects and berries","facts":["Across most of Texas it is mainly a winter bird that arrives in big berry-eating flocks.","It finds worms mostly by sight.","Its eggs are the famous 'robin's egg blue.'","In most of Texas, big robin flocks are a sign of winter, not spring."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"34b":{"level":2},"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"31c":{"level":2,"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"}}},{"id":"cedar-waxwing","name":"Cedar Waxwing","scientific":"Bombycilla cedrorum","family":"Bombycillidae (waxwings)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Cedar_waxwing","idTips":"Sleek, crested, silky tan-brown bird with a black mask, yellow belly, yellow-tipped tail and waxy red tips on its wing feathers.","timing":"Arrives in {place} in roving winter flocks, often late, from about December to May.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Dec–May","months":[1,2,3,4,5,12],"habitat":"Berry-filled trees and shrubs","diet":"Berries such as yaupon, possumhaw and hackberry, plus insects.","dietShort":"Berries","facts":["Its wings have waxy red tips, which gave it its name.","Flocks pass berries from bird to bird along a branch.","Nandina berries have poisoned and killed waxwing flocks.","Unusually for a songbird, it feeds its nestlings mostly fruit."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -24f"},{"id":"american-goldfinch","name":"American Goldfinch","scientific":"Spinus tristis","dimorphic":true,"family":"Fringillidae (finches)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_goldfinch","idTips":"Small finch. In {place}'s winter it is a dull brownish-olive with black wings, white wing bars and a conical bill. It brightens to lemon yellow with a black cap in spring before leaving.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from about November to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Nov–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,11,12],"habitat":"Fields, weedy areas and feeders","diet":"Seeds, including sunflower, thistle and coneflower. It is one of the strictest vegetarians among birds.","dietShort":"Seeds","facts":["It is one of the few songbirds that feeds its young almost entirely seeds.","In Texas it is mostly seen in its drab winter colors.","It flies with a bouncy, roller-coaster flight.","It nests later in summer than most birds."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"31c":{"level":2},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -STX -24f"},{"id":"white-throated-sparrow","name":"White-throated Sparrow","scientific":"Zonotrichia albicollis","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"White-throated_sparrow","idTips":"Chunky sparrow with a crisp white throat, a striped head (white or tan stripes), a yellow spot between the eye and bill, and a gray breast.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} thickets from about October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Thickets, brushy yards and woodland edges","diet":"Seeds and fruit, scratched from leaf litter.","dietShort":"Seeds and fruit","facts":["Its song sounds like 'Oh sweet Canada, Canada, Canada.'","It comes in white-striped and tan-striped forms.","Pairs almost always join one white-striped and one tan-striped bird.","It scratches through leaf litter with both feet at once."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -STX -ROLL"},{"id":"sandhill-crane","name":"Sandhill Crane","scientific":"Antigone canadensis","family":"Gruidae (cranes)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Sandhill_crane","idTips":"Tall gray crane with a red crown, white cheeks and a bustle of feathers over its tail. It flies with its neck stretched straight out.","timing":"A winter visitor to Gulf Coast prairies and rice fields west and south of {place} from about October to March.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Mar","months":[1,2,3,10,11,12],"habitat":"Rice fields, prairies and pastures","diet":"Grain, seeds, roots, insects and small animals.","dietShort":"Grain, roots and insects","facts":["Its loud, rolling, bugling call carries for miles.","Its fossil record goes back millions of years.","Pairs perform leaping dances.","Some birds paint their feathers rusty with iron-rich mud."],"range":"ALL -PINEY","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[2,3,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,10,11,12]}}},{"id":"snow-goose","name":"Snow Goose","scientific":"Anser caerulescens","family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Snow_goose","idTips":"White goose with black wingtips and a pink bill with a dark 'grinning patch.' A dark 'blue goose' form also exists.","timing":"Huge flocks winter on the Katy Prairie and in Gulf Coast rice fields from about November to February.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Nov–Feb","months":[1,2,11,12],"habitat":"Rice fields, prairies and coastal marshes","diet":"Grasses, roots and waste grain.","dietShort":"Grass, roots and grain","facts":["Huge winter flocks gather on Texas coastal prairies and rice fields, such as the Katy Prairie.","It has a dark 'blue goose' color form.","Its population has grown so large that it damages Arctic tundra.","It breeds in the high Arctic."],"range":"COAST 35b HIGH ROLL","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]}}},{"id":"american-white-pelican","name":"American White Pelican","scientific":"Pelecanus erythrorhynchos","family":"Pelecanidae (pelicans)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_white_pelican","idTips":"Huge white pelican with a big orange bill and black flight feathers that show in flight.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place}-area lakes, reservoirs and bays from about October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Lakes, reservoirs and coastal bays","diet":"Fish, herded cooperatively and scooped up while swimming.","dietShort":"Fish (scooped while swimming)","facts":["It doesn't dive. Groups herd fish together and scoop them up.","Its wingspan is about 9 feet, one of the largest of any North American bird.","Breeding adults grow a bump on the bill that later falls off.","It soars in large, synchronized flocks."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"33e":{"level":2},"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"eastern-phoebe","name":"Eastern Phoebe","scientific":"Sayornis phoebe","family":"Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Eastern_phoebe","idTips":"Plain gray-brown flycatcher with a darker head, whitish underparts and no eye ring. It constantly pumps its tail.","timing":"A common winter visitor to {place} from about October to March.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Mar","months":[1,2,3,10,11,12],"habitat":"Parks, yards and edges near water","diet":"Flying insects, plus some berries in winter.","dietShort":"Insects and some berries","facts":["It constantly pumps its tail up and down.","It says its name: 'fee-bee.'","Audubon claimed he tied silver threads to young phoebes' legs in 1805, a story often called the first bird banding in North America.","It often nests on buildings and bridges."],"factRefs":{"2":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Bird ringing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_ringing"}]},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"HIGH":{"months":[3,4,5,9,10,11],"residency":"migrant"},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"rose-breasted-grosbeak","name":"Rose-breasted Grosbeak","scientific":"Pheucticus ludovicianus","dimorphic":true,"family":"Cardinalidae (cardinals)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Rose-breasted_grosbeak","idTips":"Males are black and white with a bright rose-red triangle on the breast and a thick pale bill. Females are streaky brown with a bold white eyebrow.","timing":"A spring migrant, mainly mid-April to mid-May, often seen in coastal woodlots. It also passes through in fall.","timingShort":"Migrant, Apr–May and Sep–Oct","months":[4,5,9,10],"habitat":"Woodlands and coastal migrant traps","diet":"Insects, seeds and fruit.","dietShort":"Insects, seeds and fruit","facts":["Coastal 'fallouts' can bring dozens to a single woodlot.","Its song is often described as sounding like a robin that took voice lessons.","Males sometimes sing while sitting on the nest.","Its sharp call note sounds like a sneaker squeaking on a gym floor."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"33e":{"level":2},"EDW":{"months":[4,5]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5]},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5]}},"range":"ALL -STX -ROLL -24f -26c -23a"},{"id":"baltimore-oriole","name":"Baltimore Oriole","scientific":"Icterus galbula","dimorphic":true,"family":"Icteridae (blackbirds)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Baltimore_oriole","idTips":"Males are flaming orange with a black head and back and white wing bars. Females are yellow-orange and grayer.","timing":"A spring migrant from mid-April to early May, especially at coastal hotspots. It also passes through in fall.","timingShort":"Migrant, Apr–May and Sep","months":[4,5,9],"habitat":"Woodlands, coastal migrant traps and orange halves at feeders","diet":"Insects, fruit and nectar. It is attracted to orange halves and grape jelly.","dietShort":"Insects, fruit and nectar","facts":["It weaves a hanging, sock-like nest.","It was named for the orange-and-black colors of Lord Baltimore's coat of arms.","It prefers ripe, dark-colored fruit."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,9]},"STX":{"months":[4,5,9]}},"range":"ALL -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS"},{"id":"scarlet-tanager","range":"ALL -35a -33e -33f -32b -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","name":"Scarlet Tanager","scientific":"Piranga olivacea","dimorphic":true,"family":"Cardinalidae (cardinals)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Scarlet_tanager","idTips":"Males are brilliant scarlet with jet-black wings and tail. Females are yellow-olive with darker wings.","timing":"A spring migrant from mid-April to mid-May along the Upper Texas Coast. It passes through more quietly in fall.","timingShort":"Migrant, Apr–May and Sep–Oct","months":[4,5,9,10],"habitat":"Coastal woodlots and forest canopy","diet":"Insects and fruit.","dietShort":"Insects and fruit","facts":["Males molt into olive-yellow plumage in fall.","Its song sounds like a robin with a sore throat.","It crosses the Gulf of Mexico in spring.","It spends most of its time high in the forest canopy, so it is easier to hear than see."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"indigo-bunting","name":"Indigo Bunting","scientific":"Passerina cyanea","alsoResidency":["summer"],"dimorphic":true,"family":"Cardinalidae (cardinals)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Indigo_bunting","idTips":"Males are vivid blue all over with a conical silvery bill. Females are plain warm brown.","timing":"A common spring migrant in April and May, especially during coastal fallouts. Some breed in the area.","timingShort":"Migrant, Apr–May and Sep–Oct","months":[4,5,9,10],"habitat":"Brushy edges, fields and coastal woodlots","diet":"Seeds and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["Males sing from treetops and wires all day, even in midsummer heat.","It migrates at night and navigates by the stars.","During coastal fallouts it can carpet the ground.","Young males learn their songs from neighboring males."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"residency":"summer"},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"},"STX":{"months":[4,5,9,10]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5],"level":2},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,8,9],"residency":"migrant"}},"range":"ALL -ROLL -24f -26c -23a"},{"id":"hooded-warbler","name":"Hooded Warbler","scientific":"Setophaga citrina","alsoResidency":["summer"],"dimorphic":true,"family":"Parulidae (New World warblers)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Hooded_warbler","idTips":"Males have a bright yellow face framed by a black hood, olive upperparts, and white tail spots that flash as it fans its tail. Females have a yellow face without the full hood.","timing":"A spring migrant in late March and April at coastal hotspots. It also breeds in Piney Woods forests north of {place}.","timingShort":"Migrant Mar–Apr; breeds in Piney Woods","months":[3,4],"habitat":"Shady forest understory","diet":"Insects caught in the understory.","dietShort":"Insects","facts":["It constantly flicks its tail to flash its white spots.","Males and females winter in different habitats.","Its song sounds like 'weeta-weeta-wee-tee-o.'","It nests low in shrubs."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","range":"ALL -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS"},{"id":"yellow-billed-cuckoo","name":"Yellow-billed Cuckoo","scientific":"Coccyzus americanus","family":"Cuculidae (cuckoos)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Yellow-billed_cuckoo","idTips":"Slender, long-tailed bird, brown above and white below, with a curved yellow lower bill, rusty wing flashes, and large white spots under the tail.","timing":"A summer resident in {place}-area woodlands from about April to October.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Apr–Oct","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Woodlands, thickets and {bayou} forests","diet":"Large caterpillars, including hairy tent caterpillars that other birds avoid.","dietShort":"Large hairy caterpillars","facts":["It is nicknamed 'rain crow' because it often calls before storms.","It eats spiny, hairy caterpillars that most birds avoid.","Its eggs can hatch in as little as 9–11 days.","Its western population is federally Threatened."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"ROLL":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9]},"TRANS":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9]}},"range":"ALL -24f -23a"},{"id":"whooping-crane","name":"Whooping Crane","scientific":"Grus americana","family":"Gruidae (cranes)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"endangered","wiki":"Whooping_crane","idTips":"The tallest bird in North America, about 5 feet. It is all white with black wingtips visible in flight, a red crown and a black 'mustache.'","timing":"The only natural wild flock winters on the Texas coast at and around Aransas National Wildlife Refuge from about November to April. Birds occasionally stray to the Upper Texas Coast.","timingShort":"Winters on the Texas coast, Nov–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,11,12],"habitat":"Coastal salt marshes","diet":"Blue crabs, clams, wolfberries and other marsh foods.","dietShort":"Blue crabs and clams","facts":["In 1941 only about 15 birds remained in its last wild migratory flock.","Its only natural wild flock migrates about 2,500 miles between Canada and the Texas coast.","It is federally listed as Endangered.","It is the tallest bird in North America."],"range":"COAST -EDW -CROSS -STX -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"ROLL":{"months":[3,4,10,11],"residency":"migrant"}}}],"birds/introduced":[{"id":"european-starling","name":"European Starling","scientific":"Sturnus vulgaris","family":"Sturnidae (starlings)","residency":"year-round","origin":"invasive","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Common_starling","idTips":"Stocky, short-tailed black bird with a glossy purple-green sheen and a pointed yellow bill in breeding season. In winter it is covered in white spots.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}, forming huge flocks in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round (introduced)","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Cities, lawns, parking lots and farms","diet":"Insects, fruit, seeds and garbage.","dietShort":"Insects, fruit and scraps","invasiveNote":"About 100 starlings released in New York's Central Park in 1890–91 gave rise to tens of millions across North America. It steals nest cavities from native woodpeckers, bluebirds and Purple Martins.","facts":["All North American starlings descend from about 100 birds released in Central Park in 1890–91.","It aggressively takes over nest holes from native birds.","Its huge flocks wheel in shifting clouds called murmurations.","It is a skilled mimic."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"33e":{"level":2},"32b":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"house-sparrow","name":"House Sparrow","scientific":"Passer domesticus","family":"Passeridae (Old World sparrows)","residency":"year-round","origin":"invasive","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"House_sparrow","idTips":"Chunky sparrow. Males have a gray crown, chestnut nape, black bib and white cheeks. Females are plain buffy-brown with a pale eyebrow.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} buildings and shopping centers.","timingShort":"Year-round (introduced)","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Cities, shopping centers and farms","diet":"Seeds, grain, bread crumbs and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds, grain and crumbs","invasiveNote":"It was introduced from Europe in the 1850s. It competes aggressively with native cavity nesters like bluebirds and Purple Martins, and may destroy their eggs and kill their young.","facts":["It belongs to the Old World sparrow family and is not closely related to native American sparrows.","It was introduced to Brooklyn in 1851–52.","It attacks bluebirds and Purple Martins at nest boxes.","It almost always lives near people."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"33e":{"level":2}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"rock-pigeon","name":"Rock Pigeon","scientific":"Columba livia","family":"Columbidae (pigeons and doves)","residency":"year-round","origin":"non-native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Rock_dove","idTips":"Plump pigeon, often blue-gray with two black wing bars, an iridescent neck and a white rump. Its colors vary widely.","timing":"Present year-round in downtown {place}, under bridges and at parks.","timingShort":"Year-round (introduced)","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Cities, bridges and farms","diet":"Seeds, grain and food scraps.","dietShort":"Seeds and scraps","invasiveNote":"It was brought from Europe by early colonists in the 1600s. It is a nuisance in cities but rarely competes much with native wildlife.","facts":["It was domesticated thousands of years ago.","Homing pigeons can find their way back from hundreds of miles away.","Its wild ancestors nest on sea cliffs, which is why it likes buildings.","It is a favorite meal of Peregrine Falcons."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"eurasian-collared-dove","name":"Eurasian Collared-Dove","scientific":"Streptopelia decaocto","family":"Columbidae (pigeons and doves)","residency":"year-round","origin":"invasive","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Eurasian_collared_dove","idTips":"Pale sandy-gray dove with a black half-collar on the back of its neck and a broad, square tail with white corners.","timing":"Present year-round in {place} neighborhoods.","timingShort":"Year-round (introduced)","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Suburbs, farms and towns","diet":"Seeds and grain.","dietShort":"Seeds and grain","invasiveNote":"It escaped in the Bahamas in the 1970s, reached Florida in the 1980s, and then spread across most of North America in a few decades. Its effects on native doves are still being studied.","facts":["It spread across North America in just a few decades.","Its call is a three-part 'koo-KOO-kook.'","It has a black half-collar on the back of its neck.","It can raise several broods a year."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"monk-parakeet","name":"Monk Parakeet","scientific":"Myiopsitta monachus","family":"Psittacidae (parrots)","residency":"year-round","origin":"invasive","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Monk_parakeet","idTips":"Bright green parrot with a gray face and breast, blue flight feathers and a long, pointed tail.","timing":"Present year-round in established {place} colonies, often on power-line poles, ballfield lights and palm trees.","timingShort":"Year-round (introduced)","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Urban parks, power poles and stadium lights","diet":"Seeds, fruit, buds and birdseed.","dietShort":"Seeds, fruit and buds","invasiveNote":"It descends from escaped and released pet birds originally from South America. Its huge stick nests on power infrastructure can cause fires and outages.","facts":["It is the only parrot that builds stick nests instead of using tree cavities.","Its communal stick nests can be as large as a small car.","Wild colonies survive {place} winters.","It is native to Argentina and nearby countries."],"range":"34a 34c 34h","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"}],"birds/level2":[{"id":"yellow-crowned-night-heron","name":"Yellow-crowned Night Heron","scientific":"Nyctanassa violacea","level":2,"family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Yellow-crowned_night_heron","idTips":"Stocky gray heron with a bold black-and-white face, a pale yellowish crown and a thick black bill. Young birds are brown with fine white spots.","timing":"Common in {place} from March to October, nesting in neighborhood trees along {bayou}s. A few stay through winter near the coast.","timingShort":"Mar–Oct; a few in winter","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Bayous, ditches, marsh edges and leafy neighborhoods","diet":"Mostly crabs and crayfish, plus other crustaceans, small fish and insects.","dietShort":"Crabs and crayfish","facts":["It often nests in quiet residential streets in {place}, sometimes right over sidewalks.","It can feed by day or night, following the tides.","It swallows crabs whole and later coughs up pellets of shell.","Its thick bill is built for crushing hard-shelled prey."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"TRANS":{"months":[5,6,7,8],"residency":"summer"}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"little-blue-heron","name":"Little Blue Heron","scientific":"Egretta caerulea","level":2,"family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Little_blue_heron","idTips":"Medium heron that looks dark slate-blue from a distance, with a maroon-purple neck and a two-toned bill (gray-blue with a black tip). First-year birds are all white with greenish legs.","timing":"Present year-round around {place}, most numerous in summer when it breeds in mixed heron colonies.","timingShort":"Year-round; more in summer","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Freshwater marshes, ponds, ditches and rice fields","diet":"Small fish, frogs, crayfish and insects, caught with slow, deliberate stalking.","dietShort":"Small fish, frogs and crayfish","facts":["Young birds are pure white and are often mistaken for Snowy Egrets.","Molting young look patchy blue-and-white, nicknamed \"calico\" birds.","White young may get safety and better fishing by mixing with egret flocks.","It hunts more slowly and patiently than the Snowy Egret."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -27h -25i -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"tricolored-heron","name":"Tricolored Heron","scientific":"Egretta tricolor","level":2,"family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Tricolored_heron","idTips":"Slender blue-gray heron with a clean white belly and a white stripe up the front of the neck. Long, thin bill and neck.","timing":"Present year-round, especially in coastal marshes from Galveston Bay to the Bolivar Peninsula.","timingShort":"Year-round, mostly coastal","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Salt and brackish marshes, tidal flats and coastal ponds","diet":"Mainly small fish, plus shrimp, crayfish and insects.","dietShort":"Small fish","facts":["Its white belly sets it apart from every other dark heron.","It sometimes runs through the shallows with its wings spread to flush fish.","It was once called the Louisiana Heron.","It nests in mixed colonies with other herons and egrets."],"range":"COAST 35f","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"green-heron","name":"Green Heron","scientific":"Butorides virescens","level":2,"family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Green_heron","idTips":"Small, compact heron with a dark green-black cap and back, a rich chestnut neck and short yellow-orange legs. Often hunches with its neck pulled in.","timing":"Mostly a summer resident from March to October; a few stay through mild winters.","timingShort":"Mar–Oct; some winter","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Wooded pond edges, {bayou}s and drainage ditches","diet":"Small fish, frogs and insects caught from a low perch or the water’s edge.","dietShort":"Small fish and frogs","facts":["It is one of the few birds known to use bait: it drops insects or bread on the water to lure fish.","It often freezes on a branch just above the water before striking.","It gives a loud \"skeow!\" call when startled.","It can extend its neck surprisingly far when it strikes."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"western-cattle-egret","name":"Western Cattle-Egret","scientific":"Ardea ibis","level":2,"family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Western_cattle_egret","idTips":"Small, stocky white egret with a short yellow bill and a thick neck. In breeding season it shows buffy-orange plumes on the head, chest and back.","timing":"Abundant from spring through fall, following cattle and tractors in fields; fewer stay through winter.","timingShort":"Spring–fall; fewer in winter","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Pastures, mowed roadsides, fields and lawns","diet":"Grasshoppers, crickets and other insects flushed by livestock or mowers, plus frogs and lizards.","dietShort":"Grasshoppers and insects","facts":["It crossed the Atlantic from Africa on its own and reached Texas in the 1950s.","It rides on the backs of cattle and follows lawn mowers for flushed insects.","It feeds in dry fields far more than other herons.","It was split from the Eastern Cattle-Egret of Asia and Australia."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"black-crowned-night-heron","range":"ALL -35a -33e -32b -23a","name":"Black-crowned Night Heron","scientific":"Nycticorax nycticorax","level":2,"family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black-crowned_night_heron","idTips":"Stocky heron with a black cap and back, gray wings, white underparts, red eyes and short yellow legs. Young are brown with white spots and look like young Yellow-crowned Night Herons.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}-area wetlands, roosting in trees by day.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Marshes, ponds, {bayou}s and coastal wetlands","diet":"Fish, crayfish, frogs, insects and sometimes eggs or chicks of other birds.","dietShort":"Fish and crayfish","facts":["It is one of the most widespread herons in the world.","It feeds mostly at dusk and night and roosts in groups by day.","Its call is a flat, frog-like \"quok!\"","Young birds have thinner bills than young Yellow-crowned Night Herons."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"reddish-egret","name":"Reddish Egret","scientific":"Egretta rufescens","level":2,"family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Reddish_egret","idTips":"Shaggy, medium-large heron with a rusty-pink head and neck, gray body and a pink bill with a black tip. A rare white form also exists.","timing":"Present year-round on the upper Texas coast, mostly on shallow bay flats.","timingShort":"Year-round, coastal","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Shallow salt flats and lagoons along the coast","diet":"Small fish, which it chases in the shallows.","dietShort":"Small fish","facts":["It hunts like a drunken dancer, running, lurching and spinning in shallow water.","It often spreads its wings like a canopy to shade the water and spot fish.","It was nearly wiped out by the plume trade around 1900.","It is the rarest heron in North America."],"range":"COAST","factRefs":{"3":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Reddish egret","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddish_egret"}]},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":1}}},{"id":"white-faced-ibis","range":"ALL -35a -33e -23a","name":"White-faced Ibis","scientific":"Plegadis chihi","level":2,"family":"Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"White-faced_ibis","idTips":"Dark ibis with a long, down-curved bill. In good light its plumage glints bronze, green and purple; breeding adults have a thin white border around a red face patch and red eyes.","timing":"Present year-round, often in large flocks over rice fields and marshes.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Rice fields, flooded pastures and freshwater marshes","diet":"Crayfish, insects, worms and other small invertebrates probed from mud.","dietShort":"Crayfish and insects","facts":["Flocks fly in long, wavy lines with necks stretched out.","Texas rice fields are some of its most important habitat.","It probes mud by feel with its long curved bill.","Its plumage looks plain black until sunlight hits it."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"american-bittern","name":"American Bittern","scientific":"Botaurus lentiginosus","level":2,"family":"Ardeidae (herons and egrets)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_bittern","idTips":"Stocky brown heron with bold brown-and-white streaks down the neck and a black stripe on the side of the neck.","timing":"A secretive winter visitor from October to April in marshes.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Dense cattail and bulrush marshes","diet":"Fish, frogs, crayfish and insects caught with a quick jab.","dietShort":"Fish and frogs","facts":["When alarmed it points its bill straight up and sways like the reeds around it.","Its booming \"pump-er-lunk\" call earned it the nickname \"thunder pumper\".","It is far more often heard than seen.","Its streaky plumage is nearly perfect marsh camouflage."],"range":"COAST -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[3,4,9,10,11],"residency":"migrant"}}},{"id":"limpkin","name":"Limpkin","scientific":"Aramus guarauna","level":2,"family":"Aramidae (limpkins)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Limpkin","idTips":"Large brown wading bird speckled with white, with long legs and a long, slightly drooping bill. Looks like a cross between a crane and an ibis.","timing":"A newcomer: since the early 2020s Limpkins have spread into the {place} area and now stay year-round at some lakes and {bayou}s.","timingShort":"Year-round (recent arrival)","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Lake and {bayou} edges, marshes and retention ponds","diet":"Mostly large apple snails, which it pries open with its bill.","dietShort":"Apple snails","facts":["It is spreading in Texas largely by following invasive apple snails.","Its loud, wailing scream is often mistaken for a person in distress.","It is the only living member of its family.","Its bill tip bends slightly to the side, helping it pull snails out of their shells."],"range":"34a 34c 35b 35e 35f","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"neotropic-cormorant","name":"Neotropic Cormorant","scientific":"Nannopterum brasilianum","level":2,"family":"Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Neotropic_cormorant","idTips":"Slim, long-tailed black waterbird with a hooked bill. Its small yellow throat pouch ends in a sharp point edged with white in breeding season.","timing":"Common year-round on {place} lakes, {bayou}s and coastal waters.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Lakes, {bayou}s, reservoirs and bays","diet":"Small fish caught underwater.","dietShort":"Small fish","facts":["It is smaller and longer-tailed than the Double-crested Cormorant.","It often perches on power lines and dead snags over water.","It dries its wings in the sun because its feathers are not fully waterproof.","Flocks sometimes fish together, driving fish into shallow water."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"double-crested-cormorant","name":"Double-crested Cormorant","scientific":"Nannopterum auritum","level":2,"family":"Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Double-crested_cormorant","idTips":"Large black waterbird with a hooked bill and a rounded, bright orange-yellow throat pouch. Shorter tail and heavier build than the Neotropic Cormorant.","timing":"Mostly a winter visitor from October to April, sometimes in big flocks.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Lakes, reservoirs, bays and the ship channel","diet":"Fish caught on dives that can go down more than 20 feet.","dietShort":"Fish","facts":["The \"double crest\" of breeding adults is rarely seen in Texas.","Its rounded orange pouch separates it from the Neotropic Cormorant’s pointed one.","It swims low in the water, often with only its head and neck showing.","Winter flocks can fly in long V-lines like geese."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"}},"range":"ALL -24b -23a"},{"id":"common-gallinule","range":"ALL -35a -33e -32b -24b -26c -23a","name":"Common Gallinule","scientific":"Gallinula galeata","level":2,"family":"Rallidae (rails, gallinules and coots)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Common_gallinule","idTips":"Chicken-like dark gray and brown waterbird with a bright red forehead shield, a red bill with a yellow tip and a white stripe along the side.","timing":"Present year-round on ponds and marshes; especially easy to see in summer.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Ponds, marshes and retention basins with thick edges","diet":"Water plants, seeds, snails and insects.","dietShort":"Water plants and snails","facts":["It walks on floating plants with long, unwebbed toes.","It bobs its head as it swims.","It was formerly called the Common Moorhen.","Older siblings sometimes help feed new chicks."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"purple-gallinule","range":"ALL -35a -33e -33f -32b -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","name":"Purple Gallinule","scientific":"Porphyrio martinica","level":2,"family":"Rallidae (rails, gallinules and coots)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Purple_gallinule","idTips":"Brilliant purple-blue waterbird with a green back, a red bill tipped yellow, a pale blue forehead shield and long yellow legs.","timing":"A summer resident from April to October in lush marshes.","timingShort":"Apr–Oct","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Freshwater marshes with lily pads and floating plants","diet":"Seeds, fruit, leaves, insects, frogs and snails.","dietShort":"Seeds, plants and insects","facts":["It can walk across lily pads on its huge yellow feet.","Its colors are some of the brightest of any North American bird.","It sometimes climbs into shrubs to eat fruit.","Lost birds have turned up as far away as South Africa and Iceland."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"american-coot","name":"American Coot","scientific":"Fulica americana","level":2,"family":"Rallidae (rails, gallinules and coots)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_coot","idTips":"Plump, slate-black waterbird with a chalk-white bill and a small dark red forehead shield. Lobed (not webbed) green toes.","timing":"Abundant from October to April; a few stay through summer.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr; a few in summer","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Ponds, lakes, golf course water and marshes","diet":"Mostly water plants, plus insects and small animals.","dietShort":"Water plants","facts":["It is not a duck: it is a rail, related to cranes.","It pumps its head as it swims, like a gallinule.","It patters across the water to take off.","Its lobed toes help it both swim and walk on mud."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"pied-billed-grebe","name":"Pied-billed Grebe","scientific":"Podilymbus podiceps","level":2,"family":"Podicipedidae (grebes)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Pied-billed_grebe","idTips":"Small brown diving bird with a stubby, chicken-like bill. In breeding season the bill is pale with a black ring.","timing":"Present year-round; many more arrive for the winter.","timingShort":"Year-round; more in winter","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Ponds, lakes and marshes with plants at the edges","diet":"Small fish, crayfish and aquatic insects caught underwater.","dietShort":"Small fish and crayfish","facts":["It can sink slowly like a submarine, leaving only its head above water.","Grebes eat their own feathers, which may protect the stomach from fish bones.","Its legs are set so far back it can barely walk on land.","Chicks ride on their parents’ backs."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"mallard","name":"Mallard","scientific":"Anas platyrhynchos","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Mallard","idTips":"Large dabbling duck. Males have a glossy green head, white neck ring and chestnut chest; females are mottled brown with an orange-and-black bill. Both have a blue wing patch edged in white.","timing":"Present year-round, but most {place} Mallards are domestic or feral birds. Truly wild Mallards are uncommon winter visitors.","timingShort":"Year-round (many feral)","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Parks, ponds, lakes and marshes","diet":"Seeds, water plants, insects and snails, plus handouts in parks.","dietShort":"Seeds, plants and insects","facts":["It is the ancestor of almost all domestic ducks.","Mallards hybridize easily with the native Mottled Duck, a conservation concern on the Gulf Coast.","The classic \"quack\" comes from the female.","Males lose their green heads in late summer and look like females."],"regional":{"35a":{"level":1},"32a":{"level":1},"29d":{"level":1},"27h":{"level":1},"25i":{"level":1}},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"blue-winged-teal","name":"Blue-winged Teal","scientific":"Spatula discors","level":2,"alsoResidency":["winter"],"dimorphic":true,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Blue-winged_teal","idTips":"Small dabbling duck. Males have a slate-blue head with a white crescent in front of the eye; females are mottled brown. Both flash a powder-blue patch on the forewing in flight.","timing":"One of the earliest fall migrants (arriving in August) and among the last to leave in spring; many winter farther south, some stay.","timingShort":"Aug–May","months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Shallow marshes, flooded fields and ponds","diet":"Seeds and plants, plus insects and snails in spring.","dietShort":"Seeds and small invertebrates","facts":["Texas holds a special early \"teal season\" because it migrates so early.","Some fly all the way to South America for the winter.","Fast, twisting flocks wheel low over marshes.","It is one of the most abundant ducks in North America."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[2,3,4,5,9,10]},"CROSS":{"months":[3,4,5,9,10]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[3,4,5,8,9,10]},"HIGH":{"months":[3,4,5,9]},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,8,9,10]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"northern-shoveler","name":"Northern Shoveler","scientific":"Spatula clypeata","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Northern_shoveler","idTips":"Dabbling duck with an enormous spoon-shaped bill. Males have a green head, white chest and rusty sides; females are mottled brown.","timing":"A common winter visitor from October to April.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Shallow ponds, marshes and wastewater ponds","diet":"Tiny crustaceans, seeds and plankton strained from the water.","dietShort":"Strained plankton and seeds","facts":["Comb-like edges inside its bill strain food from water like a whale.","Flocks swim in tight circles to stir food to the surface.","It often feeds with its bill swept along the surface.","Its bill is longer than its head."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12],"level":1},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"wood-duck","name":"Wood Duck","scientific":"Aix sponsa","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Wood_duck","idTips":"Males are dazzling: green crested head with white stripes, red eye, chestnut chest. Females are gray-brown with a white teardrop around the eye.","timing":"Present year-round in wooded swamps and {bayou}s; numbers rise in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Wooded swamps, {bayou}s and beaver ponds","diet":"Acorns, seeds, fruit and insects.","dietShort":"Acorns, seeds and insects","facts":["It nests in tree cavities and takes readily to nest boxes.","Ducklings leap from nest holes dozens of feet high, unharmed.","It has sharp claws for perching in trees.","Overhunting nearly wiped it out by 1900; it is now common again."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -26c -23a"},{"id":"fulvous-whistling-duck","name":"Fulvous Whistling-Duck","scientific":"Dendrocygna bicolor","level":2,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Fulvous_whistling_duck","idTips":"Long-necked, long-legged tawny duck with a dark back, a white stripe along the side and a white band at the base of the tail.","timing":"A summer resident from March to October, mainly in rice country and coastal marshes.","timingShort":"Mar–Oct","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Rice fields and freshwater coastal marshes","diet":"Seeds, especially rice and weed seeds.","dietShort":"Seeds and rice","facts":["Its call is a squeaky, two-note whistle.","Texas and Louisiana rice fields are its stronghold in the U.S.","It looks goose-like with its long legs and neck.","It is found on four continents."],"range":"COAST 35f -EDW -CROSS -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"STX":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]}}},{"id":"ring-necked-duck","name":"Ring-necked Duck","scientific":"Aythya collaris","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Ring-necked_duck","idTips":"Diving duck with a peaked head. Males are black and gray with a white ring near the bill tip; females are brown with a white eye-ring and bill ring.","timing":"A common winter visitor from November to March on ponds and lakes.","timingShort":"Nov–Mar","months":[1,2,3,11,12],"habitat":"Wooded ponds, lakes and reservoirs","diet":"Water plants, seeds, snails and insects found by diving.","dietShort":"Plants and snails","facts":["Its chestnut neck ring is almost impossible to see; the bill ring is the real field mark.","It dives to feed but takes off straight from the water.","It prefers smaller, quieter ponds than other diving ducks.","Small groups often show up on neighborhood retention ponds."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,5,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"willet","name":"Willet","scientific":"Tringa semipalmata","level":2,"family":"Scolopacidae (sandpipers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Willet","idTips":"Large, plain gray-brown shorebird with a straight, thick bill. In flight it flashes a bold black-and-white wing pattern.","timing":"Present year-round on Gulf beaches and marshes; it nests in coastal marshes.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Beaches, tidal flats and salt marshes","diet":"Crabs, worms, small clams and insects.","dietShort":"Crabs and worms","facts":["It looks drab until it opens its wings.","Its name comes from its loud \"pill-will-willet\" call.","It defends its nest loudly, diving at intruders.","Willets breeding on the coast and those of the western interior may be separate species."],"range":"COAST","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":1}}},{"id":"sanderling","name":"Sanderling","scientific":"Calidris alba","level":2,"family":"Scolopacidae (sandpipers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Sanderling","idTips":"Small, pale gray-and-white sandpiper with a black bill and legs, often with a dark shoulder mark. Breeding birds turn rusty.","timing":"Present on Gulf beaches from August to May; a few non-breeders stay all summer.","timingShort":"Aug–May","months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Sandy beaches at the edge of the surf","diet":"Small crabs, worms and other invertebrates exposed by waves.","dietShort":"Small crabs and worms","facts":["It runs back and forth with each wave like a wind-up toy.","It has no hind toe, which may help it run on sand.","It breeds in the high Arctic.","Some fly 6,000 miles between nesting and wintering areas."],"range":"COAST -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"black-necked-stilt","name":"Black-necked Stilt","scientific":"Himantopus mexicanus","level":2,"family":"Recurvirostridae (stilts and avocets)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black-necked_stilt","idTips":"Elegant black-and-white shorebird with incredibly long pink-red legs and a needle-thin black bill.","timing":"Present year-round, most common in summer when it nests in marshes and flooded fields.","timingShort":"Year-round; more in summer","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Shallow ponds, marshes and flooded fields","diet":"Aquatic insects, tiny shrimp and small fish picked from the water.","dietShort":"Aquatic insects","facts":["Relative to body size, its legs are among the longest of any bird.","It noisily \"yips\" and divebombs anyone near its nest.","Parents may fake injury to lure predators away.","It often wades belly-deep."],"range":"COAST 35f HIGH TRANS ROLL -23a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"ROLL":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"}}},{"id":"ruddy-turnstone","name":"Ruddy Turnstone","scientific":"Arenaria interpres","level":2,"family":"Scolopacidae (sandpipers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Ruddy_turnstone","idTips":"Stocky shorebird with short orange legs and a wedge-shaped bill. Breeding birds have a bold black-and-white face and calico rusty back; winter birds are browner.","timing":"Present on beaches and jetties from August to May.","timingShort":"Aug–May","months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Beaches, jetties and rocky shorelines","diet":"Insects, crabs, worms and scraps found by flipping stones and seaweed.","dietShort":"Invertebrates under stones and seaweed","facts":["It flips over stones, shells and seaweed to find food, as its name says.","It will eat almost anything, including picnic scraps.","It breeds on Arctic tundra.","Its calico pattern looks harlequin-like in breeding season."],"range":"COAST -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","conservationNote":"Uplisted on the IUCN Red List (BirdLife International, 2024)","refs":[{"label":"IUCN Red List (via iNaturalist conservation status)","url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Arenaria%20interpres&searchType=species"}],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"least-sandpiper","name":"Least Sandpiper","scientific":"Calidris minutilla","level":2,"family":"Scolopacidae (sandpipers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Least_sandpiper","idTips":"The world’s smallest sandpiper: brownish with a thin, slightly drooping bill and yellowish legs.","timing":"A common winter visitor from August to May on muddy edges.","timingShort":"Aug–May","months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Muddy pond edges, marshes and flooded fields","diet":"Tiny insects, worms and crustaceans picked from mud.","dietShort":"Tiny invertebrates","facts":["It weighs about as much as a few nickels.","Its yellowish legs separate it from other \"peeps\".","It prefers mud and vegetation over open beach.","It breeds across the northern tundra and boreal forest."],"conservationNote":"Uplisted on the IUCN Red List (BirdLife International, 2024)","refs":[{"label":"IUCN Red List (via iNaturalist conservation status)","url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Calidris%20minutilla&searchType=species"}],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[3,4,5,8,9,10,11],"residency":"migrant"},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -24b -23a"},{"id":"black-bellied-plover","name":"Black-bellied Plover","scientific":"Pluvialis squatarola","level":2,"family":"Charadriidae (plovers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"vulnerable","wiki":"Grey_plover","idTips":"Large, chunky plover. Winter birds are pale gray; breeding birds have a black face and belly and a silvery back. In flight it shows black \"armpits\".","timing":"Present from August to May on beaches and flats.","timingShort":"Aug–May","months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Beaches, tidal flats and plowed fields","diet":"Worms, clams and crustaceans found by sight.","dietShort":"Worms and crustaceans","facts":["Its black armpits are a giveaway in every plumage.","It feeds with a run-stop-peck rhythm.","Its call is a sad, three-note whistle.","It breeds in the high Arctic."],"range":"COAST -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","conservationNote":"Uplisted on the IUCN Red List (BirdLife International, 2024)","refs":[{"label":"IUCN Red List (via iNaturalist conservation status)","url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Pluvialis%20squatarola&searchType=species"}],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"american-avocet","name":"American Avocet","scientific":"Recurvirostra americana","level":2,"family":"Recurvirostridae (stilts and avocets)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_avocet","idTips":"Tall black-and-white shorebird with long blue-gray legs and a thin, upturned bill. Breeding birds have a cinnamon head and neck.","timing":"A winter visitor from September to April in shallow coastal waters.","timingShort":"Sep–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Shallow lagoons, flats and coastal ponds","diet":"Small crustaceans and insects caught by sweeping its bill side to side.","dietShort":"Small crustaceans and insects","facts":["It sweeps its upturned bill through the water like a scythe.","Females have a more strongly upturned bill than males.","Flocks feed shoulder-to-shoulder in shallow water.","Winter birds lose the cinnamon color and turn gray."],"range":"COAST -STX ROLL 25i 26c","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[3,4,5,8,9,10,11],"residency":"migrant"},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,8,9,10,11],"residency":"migrant"},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,7,8,9],"residency":"migrant"},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"},"TRANS":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"}}},{"id":"greater-yellowlegs","name":"Greater Yellowlegs","scientific":"Tringa melanoleuca","level":2,"family":"Scolopacidae (sandpipers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Greater_yellowlegs","idTips":"Tall, gray-brown sandpiper with long, bright yellow legs and a long bill that turns up slightly. Bill is longer than its head.","timing":"Present from August to May in marshes and ponds.","timingShort":"Aug–May","months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Ponds, marshes and flooded fields","diet":"Small fish, insects and crustaceans.","dietShort":"Small fish and insects","facts":["Its loud \"tew-tew-tew\" call warns other shorebirds of danger.","Its bill is longer than its head; the Lesser Yellowlegs’ is not.","It often chases small fish in the shallows.","It bobs its head and body when nervous."],"conservationNote":"IUCN Red List (BirdLife International)","refs":[{"label":"IUCN Red List (via iNaturalist conservation status)","url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Tringa%20melanoleuca&searchType=species"}],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,7,9,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[3,4,5,7,8,9,10],"residency":"migrant"},"TRANS":{"months":[1,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -24b -23a"},{"id":"long-billed-curlew","name":"Long-billed Curlew","scientific":"Numenius americanus","level":2,"family":"Scolopacidae (sandpipers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Long-billed_curlew","idTips":"Large cinnamon-brown shorebird with an extremely long, down-curved bill. Cinnamon underwings in flight.","timing":"A winter visitor from August to April on coastal flats and prairie fields.","timingShort":"Aug–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Tidal flats, beaches, wet pastures and coastal prairie","diet":"Crabs, shrimp, worms and insects pulled from burrows.","dietShort":"Crabs and worms","facts":["It has the longest bill of any North American shorebird.","The bill tip is sensitive and can probe deep crab burrows.","It is the largest sandpiper in North America.","Its call is a rising \"cur-lee!\""],"range":"COAST HIGH -EDW -CROSS -STX ROLL","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"34b":{"level":1},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12]}}},{"id":"piping-plover","name":"Piping Plover","scientific":"Charadrius melodus","level":2,"family":"Charadriidae (plovers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"threatened","wiki":"Piping_plover","idTips":"Small, very pale sand-colored plover with orange legs. Breeding birds have a black neck band and an orange bill with a black tip.","timing":"A winter visitor from July to April on beaches and bay flats, including Galveston and Bolivar.","timingShort":"Jul–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Sandy beaches, washover flats and bay shores","diet":"Worms, insects and small crustaceans.","dietShort":"Worms and insects","facts":["It is federally threatened, and the Texas coast is a key wintering area.","It blends in so well with sand that it vanishes when it stops moving.","Many birds carry colored leg bands so researchers can follow them.","Its name comes from its clear, piping whistle."],"range":"COAST -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"american-oystercatcher","name":"American Oystercatcher","scientific":"Haematopus palliatus","level":2,"family":"Haematopodidae (oystercatchers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_oystercatcher","idTips":"Large, stocky black-and-white shorebird with a thick, bright red-orange bill, yellow eyes and pink legs.","timing":"Present year-round on the coast, nesting on shell islands in the bays.","timingShort":"Year-round, coastal","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Oyster reefs, shell beaches and bay islands","diet":"Oysters, clams, mussels and other shellfish.","dietShort":"Oysters and clams","facts":["It stabs its blade-like bill into open shells to cut the muscle.","Its loud, piercing \"wheep!\" carries across the bay.","Pairs often stay together for years.","Its bill can grow long or short depending on how it feeds."],"range":"COAST","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"royal-tern","name":"Royal Tern","scientific":"Thalasseus maximus","level":2,"family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Royal_tern","idTips":"Large tern with a thick orange bill and a shaggy black crest. In winter the forehead turns white.","timing":"Present year-round on the coast and Galveston Bay.","timingShort":"Year-round, coastal","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Beaches, jetties, bays and the Gulf","diet":"Small fish caught by plunge-diving.","dietShort":"Small fish","facts":["It plunge-dives headfirst for fish.","It nests in dense colonies on bay islands.","Its orange bill separates it from the Caspian Tern’s blood-red one.","Parents can find their own chick in a crowded \"crèche\"."],"range":"COAST","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"ring-billed-gull","name":"Ring-billed Gull","scientific":"Larus delawarensis","level":2,"family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Ring-billed_gull","idTips":"Medium gull with a white head, pale gray back, yellow legs and a yellow bill with a black ring near the tip. Young are mottled brown.","timing":"A common winter visitor from October to April, often far inland at parking lots and lakes.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Lakes, parking lots, landfills and beaches","diet":"Fish, insects, earthworms and human food scraps.","dietShort":"Fish, insects and scraps","facts":["It is the classic \"parking lot gull\" of inland {place}.","It takes about three years to reach adult plumage.","It often follows plows for worms.","It can drink salt water and excrete the salt through glands above its eyes."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12],"level":1},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"forsters-tern","name":"Forster’s Tern","scientific":"Sterna forsteri","level":2,"family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Forster's_tern","idTips":"Medium, slender tern with a pale gray back and a forked tail. In winter it has a distinctive black \"mask\" through the eye; breeding birds have a black cap and orange bill.","timing":"Present year-round on the coast and inland lakes; most common in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round; more in winter","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Bays, marshes, reservoirs and ponds","diet":"Small fish caught by hovering and diving, plus insects.","dietShort":"Small fish","facts":["Its black eye-mask in winter looks like a bandit’s.","It is one of the few terns that winters in the U.S.","It nests in marshes rather than on beaches.","It hovers before plunging for fish."],"range":"COAST","noQuizFacts":[1],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"black-skimmer","name":"Black Skimmer","scientific":"Rynchops niger","level":2,"family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black_skimmer","idTips":"Black-and-white waterbird with a huge red-and-black bill whose lower half is much longer than the upper.","timing":"Present year-round on Galveston beaches and bay shores.","timingShort":"Year-round, coastal","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Beaches, sandbars and calm bay waters","diet":"Small fish caught by skimming.","dietShort":"Small fish","facts":["It flies just above the water with its lower bill slicing the surface, snapping shut on fish.","It is the only North American bird whose lower bill is longer than the upper.","It often feeds at dusk and night.","Its pupils can close to a vertical slit, like a cat’s."],"range":"COAST","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"least-tern","name":"Least Tern","scientific":"Sternula antillarum","level":2,"family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Least_tern","idTips":"Tiny tern with a black cap, a white forehead patch and a yellow bill. Hovers over water before diving.","timing":"A summer resident from April to September, nesting on beaches and sometimes gravel rooftops.","timingShort":"Apr–Sep","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Beaches, sandbars, bays and lakes","diet":"Tiny fish caught by plunge-diving.","dietShort":"Tiny fish","facts":["It is the smallest tern in North America.","Some colonies nest on flat gravel rooftops when beaches are disturbed.","Parents carry fish to their mates during courtship.","Beach nesting areas are often roped off to protect it."],"range":"COAST -EDW -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"CROSS":{"months":[5,6,7,8]}}},{"id":"red-tailed-hawk","name":"Red-tailed Hawk","scientific":"Buteo jamaicensis","level":2,"family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Red-tailed_hawk","idTips":"Big, broad-winged hawk. Adults have a brick-red tail; most have a pale chest with a dark belly band and dark marks on the leading edge of the wing.","timing":"Present year-round; many more arrive from the north in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round; more in winter","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Highway edges, fields, pastures and open woods","diet":"Rodents, rabbits, snakes and other small animals.","dietShort":"Rodents and rabbits","facts":["It is the hawk most often seen perched along {place} freeways.","Movies use its scream as the sound of almost every eagle and hawk.","Its plumage varies a lot, from very pale to almost black.","Pairs often stay together for life."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":1}}},{"id":"crested-caracara","name":"Crested Caracara","scientific":"Caracara plancus","level":2,"family":"Falconidae (falcons and caracaras)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Crested_caracara","idTips":"Large, long-legged falcon with a black cap, a bare orange-red face, a white neck and a dark body. Shows white wing patches and a white tail with a black band in flight.","timing":"Present year-round in open country around {place} and the coastal prairie.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Pastures, coastal prairie, fields and roadsides","diet":"Carrion, plus live insects, small mammals, reptiles and fish.","dietShort":"Carrion and small animals","facts":["It is a falcon that acts like a vulture, often eating roadkill.","It walks on the ground far more than other falcons.","Its face can change color from orange to yellow in seconds.","It is sometimes called the \"Mexican eagle.\""],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":1},"32b":{"level":1},"31c":{"level":1}},"range":"ALL -25i -24f -23a"},{"id":"coopers-hawk","name":"Cooper's Hawk","scientific":"Astur cooperii","level":2,"family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Cooper's_hawk","idTips":"Crow-sized hawk with short, rounded wings and a long, rounded tail. Adults are blue-gray above with fine orange barring below and red eyes.","timing":"Present year-round; more in winter. Increasingly nests in {place} neighborhoods.","timingShort":"Year-round; more in winter","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Neighborhoods, parks and woodlands","diet":"Mostly birds, including doves and backyard feeder birds.","dietShort":"Small and medium birds","facts":["It hunts at bird feeders, making a fast surprise dash through trees.","It is very hard to tell from the smaller Sharp-shinned Hawk.","It flies with a \"flap-flap-glide\" rhythm.","Its scientific genus was recently changed from Accipiter to Astur."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"32a":{"level":1},"30c":{"level":1},"29d":{"level":1}}},{"id":"american-kestrel","name":"American Kestrel","scientific":"Falco sparverius","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Falconidae (falcons and caracaras)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_kestrel","idTips":"Small, colorful falcon with two black \"mustache\" marks on the face. Males have blue-gray wings and a rusty back; females are rusty with brown barring.","timing":"A winter visitor from September to April, perched on wires over fields.","timingShort":"Sep–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open fields, pastures and roadsides","diet":"Grasshoppers, other large insects, mice and small birds.","dietShort":"Insects and mice","facts":["It is the smallest falcon in North America.","It often hovers in place over a field before dropping on prey.","It bobs its tail when perched.","It can see ultraviolet light, which may help it spot rodent urine trails."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"33b":{"level":1},"33e":{"level":1},"33f":{"level":1},"34b":{"level":1},"32b":{"level":1},"32c":{"level":1},"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round","level":1},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"}}},{"id":"northern-harrier","name":"Northern Harrier","scientific":"Circus hudsonius","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Northern_harrier","idTips":"Slim, long-winged, long-tailed hawk with a bright white rump patch. Males are pale gray; females and young are brown.","timing":"A winter visitor from October to April over marshes and prairie.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Coastal prairie, marshes and fields","diet":"Mice, voles and small birds.","dietShort":"Small mammals and birds","facts":["It flies low and tilting over grass, like a big gull.","Its owl-like facial disk helps it hunt by sound.","Gray males were nicknamed \"gray ghosts\".","It holds its wings in a shallow V."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"white-tailed-kite","name":"White-tailed Kite","scientific":"Elanus leucurus","level":2,"family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"White-tailed_kite","idTips":"Graceful, gull-like white hawk with a pale gray back, black shoulders and red eyes.","timing":"Present year-round in open country west and south of {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Coastal prairie, pastures and fields with scattered trees","diet":"Mostly voles and mice.","dietShort":"Voles and mice","facts":["It hovers in place, called \"kiting\", before diving on prey.","In winter many gather to roost together.","It was nearly wiped out in the U.S. in the early 1900s.","Its black shoulders stand out against white plumage."],"range":"COAST STX","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"savannah-sparrow","name":"Savannah Sparrow","scientific":"Passerculus sandwichensis","level":2,"family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Savannah_sparrow","idTips":"Small, streaky brown sparrow with a short tail and a yellowish stripe above the eye.","timing":"A common winter visitor from October to April in grassy fields.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Short-grass fields, pastures, levees and coastal grassland","diet":"Seeds in winter, insects in summer.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["Its yellow eyebrow is the best field mark.","It runs through grass like a mouse rather than flying.","It is named after Savannah, Georgia, where an early specimen was collected.","It is one of the most common winter sparrows on the coastal prairie."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"house-finch","name":"House Finch","scientific":"Haemorhous mexicanus","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Fringillidae (finches)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"House_finch","idTips":"Small, streaky brown finch. Males have a red (sometimes orange or yellow) head, chest and rump.","timing":"Present year-round; it has become common around {place} in recent decades.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Neighborhoods, feeders and towns","diet":"Seeds and fruit; a regular at feeders.","dietShort":"Seeds and fruit","facts":["A male’s red color comes from pigments in his food; redder males attract more mates.","It is native to the West and spread east after being released in New York in the 1940s.","It sings a long, warbling song from rooftops.","It feeds its chicks almost entirely on plant food."],"regional":{"35a":{"level":1},"32a":{"level":1},"30c":{"level":1},"29d":{"level":1},"27h":{"level":1},"25i":{"level":1}},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"loggerhead-shrike","name":"Loggerhead Shrike","scientific":"Lanius ludovicianus","level":2,"family":"Laniidae (shrikes)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Loggerhead_shrike","idTips":"Gray songbird with a black mask, black wings with white patches and a hooked bill.","timing":"Present year-round in open country, often on fences and wires.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Pastures, fields and roadsides with fences and shrubs","diet":"Large insects, lizards, mice and small birds.","dietShort":"Insects, lizards and mice","facts":["It impales prey on thorns and barbed wire, earning the name \"butcher bird\".","It is a songbird that hunts like a tiny hawk.","Its numbers have declined sharply across North America.","Its mask makes it look like a bandit."],"conservationNote":"IUCN Red List (BirdLife International, 2020)","refs":[{"label":"IUCN Red List (via iNaturalist conservation status)","url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Lanius%20ludovicianus&searchType=species"}],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"33b":{"level":1},"34b":{"level":1},"32c":{"level":1}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"american-crow","name":"American Crow","scientific":"Corvus brachyrhynchos","level":2,"family":"Corvidae (crows and jays)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_crow","idTips":"Large, all-black bird with a sturdy bill and a fan-shaped tail. Calls a familiar \"caw\".","timing":"Present year-round, mostly in wooded areas north and east of {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, fields and towns","diet":"Almost anything: insects, seeds, fruit, eggs, small animals and garbage.","dietShort":"Omnivore","facts":["Crows can recognize individual human faces and hold grudges.","Family groups often include older young that help raise chicks.","It is told from the similar Fish Crow mostly by voice: a clear 'caw' instead of a nasal 'uh-uh.'","West Nile virus killed many crows in the early 2000s."],"factRefs":{"2":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Fish crow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_crow"}]},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -31c -24b -23a"},{"id":"summer-tanager","name":"Summer Tanager","scientific":"Piranga rubra","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Cardinalidae (cardinals)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Summer_tanager","idTips":"Males are entirely rosy-red with a pale bill and no crest. Females are mustard-yellow.","timing":"A summer resident from April to September in oak and pine woods.","timingShort":"Apr–Sep","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Open oak and pine woodlands and parks","diet":"Bees and wasps, plus other insects and berries.","dietShort":"Bees and wasps","facts":["It catches bees and wasps in flight and rubs off the stinger on a branch.","It is the only all-red bird in North America.","It sometimes raids wasp nests for larvae.","Young males are patchy red and yellow."],"factRefs":{"1":[{"label":"Cornell Lab, All About Birds","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Summer_Tanager/overview"}]},"regional":{"35a":{"level":1},"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"30c":{"level":1,"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,9,10],"residency":"migrant"},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]}},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"eastern-kingbird","name":"Eastern Kingbird","scientific":"Tyrannus tyrannus","level":2,"alsoResidency":["migrant"],"family":"Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Eastern_kingbird","idTips":"Dark gray above and white below, with a black tail tipped in a crisp white band.","timing":"A summer resident and common migrant from April to September.","timingShort":"Apr–Sep","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Open fields, pastures and woodland edges","diet":"Flying insects in summer; fruit during migration and winter.","dietShort":"Flying insects","facts":["It fearlessly attacks hawks and crows that come near its nest.","It hides a red crown patch it rarely shows.","It winters in South American forests eating fruit.","Its scientific name means \"tyrant tyrant\"."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[4,5,8,9],"residency":"migrant"},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,8,9],"residency":"migrant"}},"range":"ALL -TRANS"},{"id":"brown-headed-cowbird","name":"Brown-headed Cowbird","scientific":"Molothrus ater","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Icteridae (blackbirds)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Brown-headed_cowbird","idTips":"Stocky blackbird with a short, thick bill. Males are glossy black with a brown head; females are plain gray-brown.","timing":"Present year-round; flocks grow in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Fields, pastures, edges and feeders","diet":"Seeds and insects, often near cattle.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["It lays its eggs in other birds’ nests and never raises its own young.","Over 200 species have been recorded raising cowbird chicks.","It once followed bison herds to eat insects stirred up by them.","It can lay dozens of eggs in a season."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"blue-gray-gnatcatcher","name":"Blue-gray Gnatcatcher","scientific":"Polioptila caerulea","level":2,"family":"Polioptilidae (gnatcatchers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Blue-gray_gnatcatcher","idTips":"Tiny, slender blue-gray bird with a white eye-ring and a long black tail with white edges that it flicks constantly.","timing":"Present year-round; especially common in winter and migration.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, shrubby edges and parks","diet":"Tiny insects and spiders gleaned from leaves.","dietShort":"Tiny insects and spiders","facts":["It flicks its tail side to side to flush insects.","Its nest is a tiny cup decorated with lichens and spider silk.","Its thin, wheezy calls are easy to miss.","It sometimes mimics other birds quietly."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"32c":{"level":1}}},{"id":"orange-crowned-warbler","name":"Orange-crowned Warbler","scientific":"Leiothlypis celata","level":2,"family":"Parulidae (New World warblers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Orange-crowned_warbler","idTips":"Plain olive-gray warbler with faint blurry streaks and yellow under the tail. The orange crown is almost never visible.","timing":"A common winter visitor from October to April.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Shrubby yards, woodland edges and thickets","diet":"Insects, plus nectar, sap and suet at feeders.","dietShort":"Insects and nectar","facts":["Its orange crown patch is usually hidden.","It is one of the few warblers common in {place} in winter.","It visits sapsucker wells and hummingbird feeders.","It is often found in winter mixed flocks with chickadees and kinglets."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]}}},{"id":"boat-tailed-grackle","name":"Boat-tailed Grackle","scientific":"Quiscalus major","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Icteridae (blackbirds)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Boat-tailed_grackle","idTips":"Large blackbird. Males are glossy blue-black with a long, keel-shaped tail and dark eyes on the Texas coast; females are smaller and brown.","timing":"Present year-round, mainly in coastal marshes and along Galveston Bay.","timingShort":"Year-round, coastal","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Coastal marshes, beaches and nearby towns","diet":"Insects, crabs, seeds, small fish and scraps.","dietShort":"Omnivore","facts":["It is the coastal cousin of the Great-tailed Grackle.","Texas coast males have dark eyes; elsewhere many have yellow eyes.","Males puff up and display in groups to attract females.","It is often seen picking through seaweed on Galveston beaches."],"range":"COAST","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"belted-kingfisher","name":"Belted Kingfisher","scientific":"Megaceryle alcyon","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Alcedinidae (kingfishers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Belted_kingfisher","idTips":"Stocky blue-gray bird with a shaggy crest, a huge head and a dagger bill. Females have an extra rusty belly band.","timing":"A winter visitor from September to April along {bayou}s and ponds.","timingShort":"Sep–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Bayous, ponds, lakes and coastal waters","diet":"Small fish caught by diving headfirst.","dietShort":"Small fish","facts":["Females are more colorful than males, unusual among birds.","Its call is a loud, dry rattle.","It nests in tunnels dug into dirt banks.","It hovers before diving for fish."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,9,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"gray-catbird","name":"Gray Catbird","scientific":"Dumetella carolinensis","level":2,"alsoResidency":["migrant"],"family":"Mimidae (mockingbirds and thrashers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Gray_catbird","idTips":"Slate-gray songbird with a black cap and a rusty patch under the tail.","timing":"A winter visitor and common migrant from October to May.","timingShort":"Oct–May","months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12],"habitat":"Dense shrubs, thickets and yard edges","diet":"Insects and berries.","dietShort":"Insects and berries","facts":["Its call sounds like a mewing cat.","Like its cousin the mockingbird, it mimics other birds.","It can recognize and toss out cowbird eggs.","It skulks in thick cover more than it perches in the open."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,10],"residency":"migrant"},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,9,10],"residency":"migrant"},"HIGH":{"months":[5,9,10],"residency":"migrant"},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,9,10],"residency":"migrant"}},"range":"ALL -STX -ROLL"},{"id":"yellow-bellied-sapsucker","name":"Yellow-bellied Sapsucker","scientific":"Sphyrapicus varius","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Yellow-bellied_sapsucker","idTips":"Black-and-white woodpecker with a red forehead, a long white stripe on the wing and a pale yellow wash on the belly. Males also have a red throat.","timing":"A winter visitor from October to April.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Woodlands, parks and yards with trees","diet":"Tree sap from neat rows of drilled wells, plus insects caught in the sap.","dietShort":"Tree sap and insects","facts":["It drills rows of small holes and comes back to drink sap.","Hummingbirds and warblers also feed at its sap wells.","Its drumming has an irregular, Morse-code rhythm.","It really does have a yellowish belly, though it is subtle."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,3,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -24f"},{"id":"orchard-oriole","name":"Orchard Oriole","scientific":"Icterus spurius","level":2,"alsoResidency":["migrant"],"dimorphic":true,"family":"Icteridae (blackbirds)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Orchard_oriole","idTips":"Small oriole. Males are black with deep chestnut-orange underparts; females are greenish-yellow. Young males have a black throat.","timing":"A summer resident and migrant from April to August.","timingShort":"Apr–Aug","months":[4,5,6,7,8],"habitat":"Open woods, parks, pastures with scattered trees","diet":"Insects, nectar and fruit.","dietShort":"Insects, nectar and fruit","facts":["It is the smallest oriole in North America.","It leaves for the tropics as early as July.","Its chestnut color is darker than the orange of the Baltimore Oriole.","It weaves a hanging basket nest."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8]}},"range":"ALL -24f -23a"},{"id":"black-and-white-warbler","name":"Black-and-white Warbler","scientific":"Mniotilta varia","level":2,"alsoResidency":["winter"],"family":"Parulidae (New World warblers)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black-and-white_warbler","idTips":"Boldly striped black-and-white warbler that creeps along trunks and branches.","timing":"A common spring and fall migrant; a few spend the winter.","timingShort":"Mar–May and Aug–Oct; a few winter","months":[3,4,5,8,9,10],"habitat":"Woodlands and parks with large trees","diet":"Insects found in bark crevices.","dietShort":"Bark insects","facts":["It climbs trunks like a nuthatch.","Its song sounds like a squeaky wheel: \"weesy weesy weesy\".","It is one of the earliest warblers to arrive in spring.","It has an extra-long hind claw for gripping bark."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9],"residency":"summer"},"CROSS":{"months":[3,4,5,8,9,10]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"winter"},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,8,9]}},"range":"ALL -HIGH -TRANS"},{"id":"white-eyed-vireo","name":"White-eyed Vireo","scientific":"Vireo griseus","level":2,"family":"Vireonidae (vireos)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"White-eyed_vireo","idTips":"Small olive-gray bird with yellow \"spectacles\", two white wing bars and a striking white eye.","timing":"Present year-round in thickets; especially vocal in spring and summer.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Dense thickets, shrubby edges and woodland undergrowth","diet":"Insects and spiders, plus berries in winter.","dietShort":"Insects and berries","facts":["Its song is a loud, scolding \"chick-a-per-weeoo-chick!\"","It often mimics bits of other birds’ songs.","Its white eye is visible at close range.","It is heard far more often than seen."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -25i -24f -24b -26c -23a"},{"id":"eastern-meadowlark","name":"Eastern Meadowlark","scientific":"Sturnella magna","level":2,"family":"Icteridae (blackbirds)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Eastern_meadowlark","idTips":"Chunky, streaky brown bird with a bright yellow chest crossed by a black V. Flashes white outer tail feathers in flight.","timing":"Present year-round in grasslands; more arrive in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Coastal prairie, pastures and hay fields","diet":"Insects in summer, seeds in winter.","dietShort":"Insects and seeds","facts":["It is a blackbird, not a lark.","It sings a clear, slurred whistle from fence posts.","Grassland loss has caused steep declines.","It often walks rather than hops."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -24f -24b -23a"},{"id":"common-yellowthroat","name":"Common Yellowthroat","scientific":"Geothlypis trichas","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Parulidae (New World warblers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Common_yellowthroat","idTips":"Small warbler with a bright yellow throat. Males have a black mask edged in white; females are plainer.","timing":"Present year-round in marshes and wet fields; many more in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Marshes, wet fields and dense weedy edges","diet":"Insects and spiders.","dietShort":"Insects and spiders","facts":["Its song sounds like \"witchety-witchety-witchety\".","It skulks low in reeds and grass.","Its black mask looks like a bandit’s.","It is one of the most widespread warblers in North America."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -26c -23a"},{"id":"red-headed-woodpecker","name":"Red-headed Woodpecker","scientific":"Melanerpes erythrocephalus","level":2,"family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"declining","wiki":"Red-headed_woodpecker","idTips":"Striking woodpecker with an all-red head, black back and big white wing patches.","timing":"Present year-round in open pine and oak woods north and east of {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open woods, pine savannas and areas with dead trees","diet":"Insects caught in flight, acorns, nuts and berries.","dietShort":"Insects and acorns","facts":["It is one of the few woodpeckers that stores food in crevices.","It catches insects in midair like a flycatcher.","Unlike the Red-bellied Woodpecker, its whole head is red.","Its numbers have dropped as dead trees are removed."],"regional":{"35a":{"level":1},"33e":{"level":1}},"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","range":"ALL -31c -24f -24b -23a"},{"id":"common-nighthawk","name":"Common Nighthawk","scientific":"Chordeiles minor","level":2,"family":"Caprimulgidae (nightjars)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Common_nighthawk","idTips":"Long-winged, mottled gray-brown bird with a white bar across each wing. Flies erratically at dusk.","timing":"A summer resident from April to September, often over towns at dusk.","timingShort":"Apr–Sep","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Open areas, towns, gravel rooftops and fields","diet":"Flying insects caught on the wing.","dietShort":"Flying insects","facts":["It is not a hawk; it is a nightjar.","Males make a booming sound with their wings during dives.","It often nests on flat gravel rooftops.","Its nasal \"peent\" call is a summer evening sound in {place}."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9]},"STX":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"ROLL":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9]},"HIGH":{"months":[5,6,7,8,9,10]},"TRANS":{"months":[5,6,7,8]}},"range":"ALL -24f -23a"},{"id":"inca-dove","name":"Inca Dove","scientific":"Columbina inca","level":2,"family":"Columbidae (pigeons and doves)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Inca_dove","idTips":"Small, slender dove with scaly-looking gray-brown feathers and a long tail. Flashes rusty wings in flight.","timing":"Present year-round in neighborhoods.","timingShort":"Year-round","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Neighborhoods, yards and parks","diet":"Seeds from the ground and feeders.","dietShort":"Seeds","facts":["Its call sounds like \"no hope\".","Its feathers look like fish scales.","In cold weather, groups huddle in a pyramid to stay warm.","It has spread north and east into Texas cities."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","regional":{"34b":{"level":1}},"range":"ALL -26c -23a"},{"id":"scaly-breasted-munia","name":"Scaly-breasted Munia","scientific":"Lonchura punctulata","level":2,"family":"Estrildidae (waxbills and munias)","residency":"year-round","origin":"non-native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Scaly-breasted_munia","idTips":"Small finch-like bird with a thick dark bill, chocolate-brown head and a white belly scaled with brown. Young are plain brown.","timing":"An introduced bird, now present year-round in {place} where escaped cage birds established flocks.","timingShort":"Year-round (introduced)","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Weedy fields, ditches and grassy edges","diet":"Grass seeds.","dietShort":"Grass seeds","facts":["It is native to tropical Asia and was spread through the pet trade.","{place} has one of the few established U.S. populations.","Flocks move together through tall grass.","It is also called the Nutmeg Mannikin."],"range":"34a 34c 34h 35f","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS"},{"id":"sandwich-tern","name":"Sandwich Tern","scientific":"Thalasseus sandvicensis","level":2,"family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Sandwich_tern","idTips":"A slender, pale tern with a shaggy black crest and a long, thin BLACK bill with a yellow tip, as if dipped in mustard.","timing":"Common on the coast from March to October; a few stay through winter.","timingShort":"Mar–Oct; a few in winter","months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Beaches, bays, jetties and the Gulf","diet":"Small fish caught by plunge-diving.","dietShort":"Small fish","facts":["Its yellow-tipped black bill is the best field mark.","It nests in dense colonies with Royal Terns.","It is named after Sandwich, a town in England.","It plunge-dives from high above the water."],"range":"COAST -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"american-herring-gull","name":"American Herring Gull","scientific":"Larus smithsonianus","level":2,"family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"American_herring_gull","idTips":"A big gull with a pale gray back, pink legs and a yellow bill with a red spot. Young birds are mottled brown for several years.","timing":"A winter visitor on the coast from October to April.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Beaches, bays, jetties and landfills","diet":"Fish, crabs, clams, scraps and almost anything.","dietShort":"Omnivore","facts":["The red spot on its bill is a target that chicks peck to get fed.","It takes about four years to reach adult plumage.","It drops clams onto hard surfaces to crack them.","It is bigger and pink-legged compared with the Ring-billed Gull."],"range":"COAST -EDW -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]}}},{"id":"dunlin","name":"Dunlin","scientific":"Calidris alpina","level":2,"family":"Scolopacidae (sandpipers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Dunlin","idTips":"A small sandpiper with a long, slightly drooping black bill. Winter birds are plain gray-brown; spring birds get a rusty back and a black belly patch.","timing":"A common winter visitor on mudflats from October to April.","timingShort":"Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Tidal flats, beaches and muddy shores","diet":"Worms, small clams and insects probed from mud.","dietShort":"Worms and small invertebrates","facts":["Its drooping bill is longer than that of other small sandpipers.","Winter flocks twist and turn in tight formation.","Spring birds have a striking black belly.","It breeds on Arctic tundra."],"conservationNote":"Uplisted on the IUCN Red List (BirdLife International, 2024)","refs":[{"label":"IUCN Red List (via iNaturalist conservation status)","url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Calidris%20alpina&searchType=species"}],"range":"COAST -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"marbled-godwit","name":"Marbled Godwit","scientific":"Limosa fedoa","level":2,"family":"Scolopacidae (sandpipers)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"vulnerable","wiki":"Marbled_godwit","idTips":"A large, warm-cinnamon shorebird with a very long, slightly upturned bill that is pink at the base and dark at the tip.","timing":"A winter visitor on coastal flats and beaches from August to April.","timingShort":"Aug–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Tidal flats, beaches and coastal marshes","diet":"Worms, crabs and clams probed deep in mud.","dietShort":"Worms and crabs","facts":["Its bill curves slightly UP, unlike the Long-billed Curlew’s down-curved bill.","It probes deep into mud for worms and crabs.","It breeds on northern prairies.","Flocks often roost with Willets on Galveston beaches."],"conservationNote":"Uplisted on the IUCN Red List (BirdLife International, 2024)","refs":[{"label":"IUCN Red List (via iNaturalist conservation status)","url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Limosa%20fedoa&searchType=species"}],"range":"COAST -EDW -CROSS -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b"},{"id":"black-tern","name":"Black Tern","scientific":"Chlidonias niger","level":2,"family":"Laridae (gulls and terns)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"declining","wiki":"Black_tern","idTips":"A small, dark tern. Breeding birds have a black head and belly with gray wings; fall birds are white below with a dark cap and a dark smudge on the side of the chest.","timing":"A migrant, most common in late summer (July–September) over the Gulf and coastal ponds.","timingShort":"Spring and Jul–Sep","months":[4,5,7,8,9],"habitat":"Coastal ponds, marshes and nearshore Gulf waters","diet":"Insects caught in the air and small fish picked from the water.","dietShort":"Insects and small fish","facts":["It hunts insects in flight, not just fish.","Huge flocks gather off the Texas coast in late summer.","It nests on floating marsh plants up north.","Its numbers have declined across North America."],"range":"COAST -EDW -STX -ROLL -HIGH -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"CROSS":{"months":[5,7,8,9]}}},{"id":"lesser-scaup","name":"Lesser Scaup","scientific":"Aythya affinis","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Lesser_scaup","idTips":"A diving duck. Males have a black head with a purple gloss, a black chest, a gray back and white sides; females are brown with a white patch at the bill base.","timing":"A common winter visitor from November to March on bays and lakes.","timingShort":"Nov–Mar","months":[1,2,3,11,12],"habitat":"Bays, reservoirs, lakes and ship channels","diet":"Clams, snails and water plants found by diving.","dietShort":"Clams and snails","facts":["It is often called a bluebill because of its pale blue bill.","Big rafts winter on coastal bays and large lakes.","Its peaked head shape helps tell it from the Greater Scaup.","It dives to the bottom for clams."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -24b -23a"},{"id":"gadwall","name":"Gadwall","scientific":"Mareca strepera","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Gadwall","idTips":"A subtle gray-brown dabbling duck. Males are finely patterned gray with a black rear end; both sexes show a white wing patch in flight.","timing":"A common winter visitor from October to March.","timingShort":"Oct–Mar","months":[1,2,3,10,11,12],"habitat":"Marshes, ponds and flooded fields","diet":"Water plants and seeds.","dietShort":"Water plants","facts":["Up close, its plain gray turns out to be fine black-and-white lines.","It often steals food from diving ducks and coots.","Its white wing patch is unique among dabbling ducks.","It is one of the most common ducks wintering in Texas marshes."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"ruddy-duck","name":"Ruddy Duck","scientific":"Oxyura jamaicensis","level":2,"dimorphic":true,"family":"Anatidae (ducks and geese)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Ruddy_duck","idTips":"A small, chunky diving duck with a stiff tail often cocked upward. Winter males are gray-brown with bright white cheeks and a dark cap; females have a dark line across the pale cheek.","timing":"A winter visitor from November to March on ponds and lakes.","timingShort":"Nov–Mar","months":[1,2,3,11,12],"habitat":"Ponds, lakes and wastewater ponds","diet":"Aquatic insects, especially midge larvae, plus seeds.","dietShort":"Aquatic insects","facts":["It holds its spiky tail straight up when resting.","Breeding males get a bright blue bill.","It sinks below the surface rather than diving with a splash.","It is a stiff-tailed duck, a group with very long tail feathers."],"timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]}},"range":"ALL -23a"},{"id":"dark-eyed-junco","name":"Dark-eyed Junco","scientific":"Junco hyemalis","level":2,"range":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK CROSS -STX ROLL 25i 24b 26c 23a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Dark-eyed_junco","idTips":"A neat, sparrow-sized bird, slate gray above and on the hood with a white belly, a pale pink bill and white outer tail feathers that flash when it flies.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from about November to March, often in small flocks under feeders.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Nov–Mar","months":[11,12,1,2,3],"habitat":"Woodland edges, brushy yards and the ground beneath feeders","diet":"Seeds of grasses and weeds, plus insects in summer.","dietShort":"Seeds","facts":["Its white outer tail feathers flash when it flies up from the ground.","It feeds mostly on the ground, hopping under feeders and shrubs.","Its arrival is a sign that winter is coming, giving it the nickname 'snowbird.'","Its forms vary so much across North America that several were once treated as separate species."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Dark-eyed junco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-eyed_junco"},{"label":"All About Birds: Dark-eyed Junco","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Dark-eyed_Junco"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Dark-eyed Junco","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Dark-eyed_Junco"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Dark-eyed Junco","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Dark-eyed_Junco"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Dark-eyed Junco","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Dark-eyed_Junco"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Dark-eyed Junco","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Dark-eyed_Junco"}]},"regional":{"EDW":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12]},"CROSS":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"29d":{"level":1,"months":[1,2,3,11,12]},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,11,12],"level":1},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,10,11,12],"level":1},"TRANS":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]}}},{"id":"white-breasted-nuthatch","name":"White-breasted Nuthatch","scientific":"Sitta carolinensis","level":2,"range":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK CROSS -32c 24b 23a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Sittidae (nuthatches)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"White-breasted_nuthatch","idTips":"A compact gray-blue bird with a white face and breast, a black cap, a short tail and a long, slightly upturned bill. It creeps headfirst down tree trunks.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}'s hardwood and mixed woods.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Mature oak and hickory woods, mixed forests and wooded yards","diet":"Insects and spiders, plus acorns, nuts and seeds.","dietShort":"Insects and nuts","facts":["It often climbs headfirst down tree trunks, finding insects other birds miss.","It wedges nuts into bark and hammers them open with its bill.","Its call is a nasal 'yank-yank'.","It prefers big hardwoods such as oaks and hickories over pure pine stands."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: White-breasted nuthatch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-breasted_nuthatch"},{"label":"All About Birds: White-breasted Nuthatch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-breasted_Nuthatch"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-breasted Nuthatch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-breasted_Nuthatch"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-breasted Nuthatch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-breasted_Nuthatch"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-breasted Nuthatch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-breasted_Nuthatch"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-breasted Nuthatch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-breasted_Nuthatch"}]}},{"id":"brown-thrasher","name":"Brown Thrasher","scientific":"Toxostoma rufum","level":2,"range":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK CROSS ROLL 25i 26c","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Mimidae (mockingbirds and thrashers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Brown_thrasher","idTips":"A long-tailed, rusty-brown bird with a heavily streaked white breast, two white wing bars, yellow eyes and a long, slightly curved bill.","timing":"Present year-round around {place}, with more in winter when northern birds arrive.","timingShort":"Year-round; more in winter","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Dense shrubs, thickets, woodland edges and brushy yards","diet":"Insects, worms, berries, acorns and seeds.","dietShort":"Insects and berries","facts":["It sings each phrase twice before moving on to the next.","It has one of the largest song repertoires of any North American bird, over a thousand song types.","It tosses leaves aside with its long bill to find insects underneath.","It is a cousin of the Northern Mockingbird."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Brown thrasher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_thrasher"},{"label":"All About Birds: Brown Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brown_Thrasher"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Brown Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brown_Thrasher"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Brown Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brown_Thrasher"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Brown Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brown_Thrasher"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Brown Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brown_Thrasher"}]},"regional":{"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"residency":"winter"},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"residency":"winter"}}},{"id":"chipping-sparrow","name":"Chipping Sparrow","scientific":"Spizella passerina","level":2,"range":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK CROSS ROLL 25i 24b 26c 23a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"year-round","alsoResidency":["winter"],"origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Chipping_sparrow","idTips":"A small, slim sparrow. In spring and summer it has a bright rusty cap, a black line through the eye and a plain gray breast; in winter the cap is duller and streaked.","timing":"Present year-round around {place}, nesting in pine woods; big flocks arrive in winter.","timingShort":"Year-round; flocks in winter","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open pine woods, lawns with scattered trees, parks and field edges","diet":"Seeds of grasses and weeds; insects when nesting.","dietShort":"Seeds","facts":["Its song is a long, dry, even trill, like a sewing machine.","In breeding season it wears a bright rusty cap.","Winter flocks feed on lawns and open ground.","Its nest is a flimsy cup often lined with hair."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Chipping sparrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipping_sparrow"},{"label":"All About Birds: Chipping Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Chipping_Sparrow"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Chipping Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Chipping_Sparrow"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Chipping Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Chipping_Sparrow"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Chipping Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Chipping_Sparrow"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Chipping Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Chipping_Sparrow"}]},"regional":{"33e":{"level":1},"32b":{"level":1},"30c":{"level":1},"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12],"residency":"winter"},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,9,10],"residency":"migrant"}}},{"id":"lark-sparrow","name":"Lark Sparrow","scientific":"Chondestes grammacus","level":2,"range":"POST BLACK CROSS EDW STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Lark_sparrow","idTips":"A large sparrow with a bold chestnut, black and white 'harlequin' head pattern, a plain white breast with one dark central spot, and a long rounded tail edged in white.","timing":"A summer resident around {place} from about April to September, nesting in open, grassy country.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Apr–Sep","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Open grassland with scattered trees, pastures, roadsides and savanna","diet":"Seeds, plus grasshoppers and other insects in summer.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["Its tail has white corners that flash in flight.","Males strut with tails spread like a turkey during courtship.","It often nests on the ground at the base of a plant or in a low shrub.","Its long, varied song mixes trills, buzzes and clear notes."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Lark sparrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lark_sparrow"},{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Sparrow"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Sparrow"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Sparrow"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Sparrow"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Sparrow"}]},"regional":{"EDW":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8]},"STX":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"31c":{"level":1,"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round"},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"level":1},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]}}},{"id":"western-kingbird","name":"Western Kingbird","scientific":"Tyrannus verticalis","level":2,"range":"POST BLACK CROSS EDW STX ROLL HIGH TRANS -23a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b","family":"Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Western_kingbird","idTips":"A gray-headed flycatcher with a bright yellow belly, a pale gray chest and a black tail with thin white outer edges. Often perched on power lines and fences.","timing":"A summer resident around {place} from about April to September.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Apr–Sep","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9],"habitat":"Open country, pastures, roadsides and towns with tall trees or power poles","diet":"Flying insects, especially grasshoppers, beetles, bees and wasps.","dietShort":"Flying insects","facts":["It boldly chases hawks and crows away from its nest.","Its black tail has thin white edges on each side.","It often nests on utility poles and transformer boxes.","It catches insects in midair, then returns to the same perch."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Western kingbird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_kingbird"},{"label":"All About Birds: Western Kingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Kingbird"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Kingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Kingbird"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Kingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Kingbird"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Kingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Kingbird"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Kingbird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Kingbird"}]},"regional":{"EDW":{"months":[4,5,6,7]},"CROSS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8]},"STX":{"months":[4,5,6,7]},"ROLL":{"months":[4,5,6,7]},"HIGH":{"months":[4,5,6,7],"level":1},"TRANS":{"months":[4,5,6,7,8,9]}}},{"id":"black-crested-titmouse","name":"Black-crested Titmouse","scientific":"Baeolophus atricristatus","level":2,"range":"EDW STX CROSS ROLL 33b 32a 25i 24b 26c","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Paridae (chickadees and titmice)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black-crested_titmouse","idTips":"A small gray songbird with a pointed black crest, a pale forehead, large dark eyes and rusty sides. Very like the Tufted Titmouse, which has a gray crest and a black forehead.","timing":"Present year-round around {place}, mostly toward the west and southwest.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Oak and juniper woods, brushy savanna, parks and yards","diet":"Insects, seeds, acorns and nuts.","dietShort":"Insects, seeds and acorns","facts":["Where its range meets the Tufted Titmouse's, the two often interbreed.","It is found mostly in Texas and northeastern Mexico.","Its crest is black, while its forehead is pale.","It often comes to feeders for sunflower seeds."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Black-crested titmouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-crested_titmouse"},{"label":"All About Birds: Black-crested Titmouse","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-crested_Titmouse"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-crested Titmouse","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-crested_Titmouse"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-crested Titmouse","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-crested_Titmouse"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-crested Titmouse","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-crested_Titmouse"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-crested Titmouse","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-crested_Titmouse"}]},"regional":{"30c":{"level":1},"31c":{"level":1},"27h":{"level":1}}},{"id":"white-tailed-hawk","name":"White-tailed Hawk","scientific":"Geranoaetus albicaudatus","level":2,"range":"SCP RGV STX 34a 34c","family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","wiki":"White-tailed_hawk","idTips":"A big, long-winged hawk, gray above with rufous shoulders, clean white below and a short white tail with one black band near the tip. Often hovers over grassland.","timing":"Present year-round on the open prairies around {place}.","habitat":"Coastal prairie, open grassland and pastures","diet":"Rodents, rabbits, snakes, lizards and large insects.","dietShort":"Rodents and snakes","facts":["It gathers at grass fires to catch fleeing prey.","In the United States it is found mainly on the South Texas coastal prairies.","Its white tail has one bold black band near the tip.","It often hovers in the wind while hunting."],"residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"timingShort":"Year-round resident","refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: White-tailed Hawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_hawk"},{"label":"All About Birds: White-tailed Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-tailed_Hawk"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-tailed Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-tailed_Hawk"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-tailed Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-tailed_Hawk"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-tailed Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-tailed_Hawk"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-tailed Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-tailed_Hawk"}]},"regional":{"31c":{"level":1}}},{"id":"harriss-hawk","name":"Harris's Hawk","scientific":"Parabuteo unicinctus","level":2,"range":"SCP RGV STX EDW TRANS -23a","family":"Accipitridae (hawks and eagles)","wiki":"Harris's_hawk","idTips":"A dark brown hawk with chestnut shoulders and thighs, long yellow legs, and a long black tail with a white base and white tip.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in brush country.","habitat":"Mesquite brush, thorn scrub and ranch land","diet":"Rabbits, rodents, birds and lizards.","dietShort":"Rabbits and rodents","facts":["It hunts in family groups that work together to catch prey.","Birds sometimes stand on each other's backs, called 'stacking.'","It is a favorite bird of falconers.","Its tail is black with a bright white base and tip."],"residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"timingShort":"Year-round resident","refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Harris's Hawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%27s_hawk"},{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Hawk"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Hawk"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Hawk"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Hawk"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Hawk"}]},"regional":{"31c":{"level":1}}},{"id":"lesser-goldfinch","name":"Lesser Goldfinch","scientific":"Spinus psaltria","level":2,"range":"BLACK EDW CROSS STX TRANS 33b ROLL 25i","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","dimorphic":true,"family":"Fringillidae (finches)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Lesser_goldfinch","idTips":"A tiny finch. Males have bright yellow underparts and a black cap with a black or greenish back and white wing patches; females are olive above and dull yellow below.","timing":"Present year-round around {place}, especially at feeders and in sunflowers.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Brushy woods, parks, gardens and weedy fields","diet":"Seeds, especially of sunflowers, thistles and other composites.","dietShort":"Seeds","facts":["Texas males usually have a black back; western birds are often green-backed.","It often mimics bits of other birds' songs in its own.","It loves sunflower and thistle seeds at feeders.","It is the smallest finch in North America."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Lesser goldfinch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_goldfinch"},{"label":"All About Birds: Lesser Goldfinch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lesser_Goldfinch"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lesser Goldfinch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lesser_Goldfinch"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lesser Goldfinch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lesser_Goldfinch"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lesser Goldfinch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lesser_Goldfinch"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lesser Goldfinch","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lesser_Goldfinch"}]},"regional":{"30c":{"level":1}}},{"id":"harriss-sparrow","name":"Harris's Sparrow","scientific":"Zonotrichia querula","level":2,"range":"CROSS ROLL HIGH BLACK 33a 30a -STX -TRANS","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Harris's_sparrow","idTips":"A big sparrow with a pink bill. Adults have a black crown, face and bib on a gray head; young birds in their first winter have a buffy face and less black.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from about November to March, in brushy hedgerows and at feeders.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Nov–Mar","months":[11,12,1,2,3],"habitat":"Brushy fencerows, thickets, woodland edges and feeders","diet":"Seeds, berries and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds","facts":["It is the only songbird that nests only in Canada.","It winters mainly in a narrow band of the southern Great Plains, including North Texas.","It is the largest sparrow in North America.","Its pink bill stands out against its black bib."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Harris's Sparrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%27s_sparrow"},{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Sparrow"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Sparrow"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Sparrow"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Sparrow"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Harris's Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harris%27s_Sparrow"}]},"regional":{"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,11,12]},"HIGH":{"months":[1,2,3,4,12]}}},{"id":"bewicks-wren","name":"Bewick's Wren","scientific":"Thryomanes bewickii","level":2,"range":"CROSS EDW ROLL HIGH TRANS STX BLACK 33b 33f","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Troglodytidae (wrens)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Bewick's_wren","idTips":"A slim, gray-brown wren with a long white eyebrow, plain whitish underparts and a long tail edged with white spots that it flicks side to side. Grayer and slimmer than the rusty Carolina Wren.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in brush and yards.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Brushy woods, scrub, yards and woodpiles","diet":"Insects and spiders.","dietShort":"Insects and spiders","facts":["It flicks its long tail from side to side as it hops.","Its song is a complex, buzzy warble that varies from bird to bird.","It has nearly disappeared from the eastern U.S., but is common in Central and West Texas.","It often nests in odd cavities, from brush piles to tin cans."],"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Bewick's Wren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewick%27s_wren"},{"label":"All About Birds: Bewick's Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bewick%27s_Wren"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Bewick's Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bewick%27s_Wren"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Bewick's Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bewick%27s_Wren"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Bewick's Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bewick%27s_Wren"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Bewick's Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bewick%27s_Wren"}]}},{"id":"olive-sparrow","name":"Olive Sparrow","scientific":"Arremonops rufivirgatus","range":"STX SCP RGV 34d","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Olive_sparrow","idTips":"A plain olive-green sparrow with a gray face, two brownish stripes on the crown and pale underparts. It stays low in dense brush.","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in thick brush.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Dense thornscrub and brushy woods","diet":"Seeds and insects from the ground.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["In the U.S. it lives only in South Texas.","Its song is a series of chips that speed up like a bouncing ping-pong ball.","It hops and scratches on the ground under dense brush.","It is olive-green rather than the brown of most sparrows."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Olive Sparrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_sparrow"},{"label":"All About Birds: Olive Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Olive_Sparrow"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Olive Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Olive_Sparrow"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Olive Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Olive_Sparrow"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Olive Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Olive_Sparrow"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Olive Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Olive_Sparrow"}]}},{"id":"curve-billed-thrasher","name":"Curve-billed Thrasher","scientific":"Toxostoma curvirostre","range":"STX TRANS EDW HIGH ROLL 34d","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Mimidae (mockingbirds and thrashers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Curve-billed_thrasher","idTips":"A pale gray-brown thrasher with faint spots on the breast, bright orange eyes and a long, strongly down-curved bill. Its call is a sharp “whit-wheet!”","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in cactus and brush.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Cactus flats, desert scrub and towns","diet":"Insects, seeds and cactus fruit.","dietShort":"Insects and cactus fruit","facts":["It often nests inside cholla cactus.","Its call is a loud, sharp 'whit-wheet!'","It digs in the soil with its curved bill.","Its eyes are bright orange."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Curve-billed Thrasher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve-billed_thrasher"},{"label":"All About Birds: Curve-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Curve-billed_Thrasher"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Curve-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Curve-billed_Thrasher"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Curve-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Curve-billed_Thrasher"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Curve-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Curve-billed_Thrasher"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Curve-billed Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Curve-billed_Thrasher"}]},"regional":{"27h":{"level":1}}},{"id":"northern-bobwhite","name":"Northern Bobwhite","scientific":"Colinus virginianus","range":"STX SCP POST BLACK CROSS ROLL HIGH EDW 34a 35a","timingIn":"35a 35c 35g POST BLACK 34b EDW CROSS STX ROLL HIGH TRANS","family":"Odontophoridae (New World quail)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"near-threatened","wiki":"Northern_bobwhite","idTips":"A small, round quail, reddish-brown with fine scaling. Males have a bold white throat and eyebrow; females have buff ones. It calls a clear, whistled “bob-WHITE!”","timing":"Present year-round around {place} in grassland and brush.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Grassland, brushy pastures and field edges","diet":"Seeds, leaves and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["It is named for its whistled 'bob-WHITE!' call.","Coveys sleep in a tight circle with their heads facing out.","Its numbers have dropped steeply as native grassland has disappeared.","It is a popular game bird in South Texas."],"level":2,"dimorphic":true,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Northern Bobwhite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_bobwhite"},{"label":"All About Birds: Northern Bobwhite","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Bobwhite"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Northern Bobwhite","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Bobwhite"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Northern Bobwhite","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Bobwhite"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Northern Bobwhite","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Bobwhite"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Northern Bobwhite","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Bobwhite"}]},"regional":{"27h":{"level":1}}},{"id":"swainsons-hawk","name":"Swainson's Hawk","scientific":"Buteo swainsoni","range":"ROLL HIGH TRANS CROSS EDW BLACK STX 34b -23a","timingIn":"CROSS EDW BLACK STX 34b","family":"Accipitridae (hawks, eagles and kites)","residency":"migrant","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Swainson%27s_hawk","idTips":"A slim, long-winged hawk. Most adults have a dark brown bib across the chest below a white throat. From below, the pale wing linings contrast with darker flight feathers, the reverse of most hawks.","timing":"Passes through {place} on migration, March to April and September to October.","timingShort":"Migrant, Mar–Apr and Sep–Oct","months":[3,4,9,10],"habitat":"Open grassland, farmland and ranchland with scattered trees","diet":"Rodents, rabbits and reptiles when nesting; mostly grasshoppers and other insects the rest of the year.","dietShort":"Rodents and grasshoppers","facts":["It migrates all the way to Argentina for the winter.","Migrating flocks, called kettles, can number in the thousands.","Outside the nesting season it eats mostly grasshoppers and other insects.","Most adults have a dark brown bib across the chest."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Swainson's Hawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swainson%27s_hawk"},{"label":"All About Birds: Swainson's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Swainsons_Hawk"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Swainson's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Swainsons_Hawk"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Swainson's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Swainsons_Hawk"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Swainson's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Swainsons_Hawk"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Swainson's Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Swainsons_Hawk"}]},"regional":{"ROLL HIGH TRANS":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"residency":"summer"},"ROLL":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"residency":"summer","level":1}}},{"id":"white-crowned-sparrow","name":"White-crowned Sparrow","scientific":"Zonotrichia leucophrys","range":"ROLL HIGH TRANS CROSS EDW STX BLACK","timingIn":"ROLL HIGH TRANS CROSS EDW STX BLACK","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"White-crowned_sparrow","idTips":"A large, long-tailed gray sparrow with a bold black-and-white striped crown and a pink to orange bill. Young birds in their first winter have brown-and-tan crown stripes.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[10,11,12,1,2,3,4],"habitat":"Brushy fields, hedgerows, weedy pastures and yards","diet":"Seeds of grasses and weeds, plus insects in summer.","dietShort":"Seeds","facts":["Its bold black-and-white striped crown makes it easy to spot.","It nests in the far north and the western mountains and winters in Texas.","Young birds have brown-and-tan crown stripes in their first winter.","Its song varies from place to place, like local dialects."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: White-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-crowned_sparrow"},{"label":"All About Birds: White-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-crowned_Sparrow"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-crowned_Sparrow"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-crowned_Sparrow"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-crowned_Sparrow"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: White-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/White-crowned_Sparrow"}]},"regional":{"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12],"level":1},"25i":{"level":1}}},{"id":"spotted-towhee","name":"Spotted Towhee","scientific":"Pipilo maculatus","range":"ROLL HIGH TRANS CROSS EDW 32a","timingIn":"ROLL HIGH TRANS CROSS EDW 32a","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Spotted_towhee","idTips":"A big, long-tailed sparrow with a black hood (brown on females), red eyes, rusty sides, a white belly and bright white spots on the back and wings. It scratches noisily in dead leaves.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[10,11,12,1,2,3,4],"habitat":"Brushy thickets, woodland edges and overgrown yards","diet":"Seeds, berries and insects found by scratching in leaf litter.","dietShort":"Seeds, berries and insects","facts":["It scratches for food with a two-footed backward hop.","Its eyes are red.","Its black back and wings are spotted with white.","It and the Eastern Towhee were once one species, the Rufous-sided Towhee."],"level":2,"dimorphic":true,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Spotted Towhee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_towhee"},{"label":"All About Birds: Spotted Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Spotted_Towhee"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Spotted Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Spotted_Towhee"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Spotted Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Spotted_Towhee"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Spotted Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Spotted_Towhee"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Spotted Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Spotted_Towhee"}]},"regional":{"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12]}}},{"id":"lark-bunting","name":"Lark Bunting","scientific":"Calamospiza melanocorys","range":"ROLL HIGH TRANS 30d -23a","timingIn":"ROLL HIGH TRANS 30d","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Lark_bunting","idTips":"A stocky, sparrow-like bird with a thick, bluish-gray bill and a white patch on the wing. In winter it is streaky brown; breeding males in spring turn black with big white wing patches.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[10,11,12,1,2,3,4],"habitat":"Open grassland, plowed fields and roadsides","diet":"Seeds in winter; grasshoppers and other insects in summer.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["Males are black with big white wing patches in breeding season but turn brown in winter.","It spends the winter in large flocks on the plains.","Males sing while fluttering up in a display flight."],"level":2,"dimorphic":true,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Lark Bunting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lark_bunting"},{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Bunting","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Bunting"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Bunting","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Bunting"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Bunting","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Bunting"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Bunting","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Bunting"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Lark Bunting","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lark_Bunting"}]},"regional":{"ROLL":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12]}}},{"id":"burrowing-owl","name":"Burrowing Owl","scientific":"Athene cunicularia","range":"HIGH ROLL TRANS STX 30d","timingIn":"HIGH TRANS","family":"Strigidae (typical owls)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Burrowing_owl","idTips":"A small, long-legged brown owl spotted with white, with bright yellow eyes, no ear tufts and a white chin. It stands on the ground by a burrow and bobs when alarmed, often active by day.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Prairie dog towns, open grassland, pastures, field edges and vacant lots","diet":"Grasshoppers, beetles and other big insects, plus mice and lizards.","dietShort":"Insects and small rodents","facts":["It nests underground, usually in burrows dug by prairie dogs or other animals.","Unlike most owls, it is often active in daylight.","Young owls in the burrow hiss like a rattlesnake when disturbed.","It bobs up and down when alarmed."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Burrowing Owl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrowing_owl"},{"label":"All About Birds: Burrowing Owl","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Burrowing_Owl"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Burrowing Owl","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Burrowing_Owl"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Burrowing Owl","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Burrowing_Owl"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Burrowing Owl","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Burrowing_Owl"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Burrowing Owl","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Burrowing_Owl"}]},"regional":{"HIGH":{"level":1},"ROLL TRANS STX 30d":{"months":[1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12],"residency":"winter"},"24f":{"months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"residency":"year-round","level":1}}},{"id":"scaled-quail","name":"Scaled Quail","scientific":"Callipepla squamata","range":"HIGH TRANS 30d 31b 27h","timingIn":"HIGH TRANS 30d 31b 27h","family":"Odontophoridae (New World quail)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Scaled_quail","idTips":"A pale blue-gray quail whose breast and back look covered in scales, with a short, bushy white-tipped crest that gives it the nickname \"cottontop.\"","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Dry grassland and desert scrub with scattered brush","diet":"Seeds, leaves and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["Its scaly-looking feathers give it its name.","It is nicknamed 'cottontop' for its white-tipped crest.","It often runs instead of flying.","Coveys gather in fall and winter."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Scaled Quail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaled_quail"},{"label":"All About Birds: Scaled Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Scaled_Quail"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Scaled Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Scaled_Quail"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Scaled Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Scaled_Quail"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Scaled Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Scaled_Quail"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Scaled Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Scaled_Quail"}]},"regional":{"HIGH":{"level":1}}},{"id":"western-meadowlark","name":"Western Meadowlark","scientific":"Sturnella neglecta","range":"HIGH ROLL TRANS CROSS EDW BLACK -23a","timingIn":"HIGH ROLL TRANS CROSS EDW BLACK","family":"Icteridae (blackbirds and orioles)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Western_meadowlark","idTips":"A chunky, short-tailed grassland bird, streaky brown above, with a bright yellow throat and belly crossed by a black V. It looks almost the same as the Eastern Meadowlark; its flute-like, bubbling song is the surest way to tell them apart.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Grassland, pastures and fields","diet":"Insects in summer; seeds and waste grain in winter.","dietShort":"Insects and seeds","facts":["Its song is a rich, bubbling, flute-like warble.","It looks almost identical to the Eastern Meadowlark; song tells them apart.","It nests on the ground in a cup of grass, often with a grass roof."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Western Meadowlark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_meadowlark"},{"label":"All About Birds: Western Meadowlark","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Meadowlark"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Meadowlark","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Meadowlark"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Meadowlark","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Meadowlark"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Meadowlark","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Meadowlark"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Meadowlark","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Meadowlark"}]},"regional":{"HIGH":{"level":2}}},{"id":"ferruginous-hawk","name":"Ferruginous Hawk","scientific":"Buteo regalis","range":"HIGH ROLL TRANS","timingIn":"HIGH ROLL TRANS","family":"Accipitridae (hawks, eagles and kites)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Ferruginous_hawk","idTips":"The largest North American hawk, with long wings, a big head and a wide yellow gape. Most are rusty above and pale white below, with rusty \"leggings\" that form a dark V under the tail when it flies.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from October to March.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Mar","months":[1,2,3,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open grassland, prairie dog towns and farm fields","diet":"Prairie dogs, ground squirrels, rabbits and other small mammals.","dietShort":"Prairie dogs and rabbits","facts":["It is the largest hawk in North America.","Its name means 'rust-colored,' for its rusty back and legs.","It often hunts by waiting on the ground beside prairie dog burrows.","Its legs are feathered all the way to the toes."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Ferruginous Hawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruginous_hawk"},{"label":"All About Birds: Ferruginous Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ferruginous_Hawk"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Ferruginous Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ferruginous_Hawk"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Ferruginous Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ferruginous_Hawk"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Ferruginous Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ferruginous_Hawk"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Ferruginous Hawk","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ferruginous_Hawk"}]}},{"id":"gambels-quail","name":"Gambel's Quail","scientific":"Callipepla gambelii","range":"TRANS","timingIn":"TRANS","family":"Odontophoridae (New World quail)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Gambel%27s_quail","idTips":"A plump gray quail with a forward-drooping black topknot like a comma. Males have a rusty crown, black face and black belly patch; females are plainer with a smaller plume.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Desert scrub, mesquite thickets, river bosques and neighborhoods","diet":"Seeds, leaves, cactus fruit and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds and plants","facts":["Its teardrop-shaped topknot is made of six overlapping feathers.","Coveys of a dozen or more run together across the ground.","A sentry often calls from a high perch while the covey feeds.","It gets much of its water from juicy plants and cactus fruit."],"level":2,"dimorphic":true,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Gambel's Quail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambel%27s_quail"},{"label":"All About Birds: Gambel's Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Gambels_Quail"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Gambel's Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Gambels_Quail"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Gambel's Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Gambels_Quail"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Gambel's Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Gambels_Quail"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Gambel's Quail","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Gambels_Quail"}]},"regional":{"TRANS":{"level":1}}},{"id":"verdin","name":"Verdin","scientific":"Auriparus flaviceps","range":"TRANS 31c 31d 30d 26c","timingIn":"TRANS 31c 31d 30d 26c","family":"Remizidae (penduline tits)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Verdin","idTips":"A tiny gray bird, smaller than a chickadee, with a bright yellow head and a small chestnut patch on the shoulder. Young birds are all gray.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Desert scrub, mesquite, palo verde and thorny brush","diet":"Insects and spiders, plus nectar and berries.","dietShort":"Insects and nectar","facts":["It builds a round, thorny ball nest with a side entrance.","It builds extra nests just for sleeping in, even in winter.","It is one of the smallest songbirds in North America.","It can get the water it needs from its food."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Verdin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdin"},{"label":"All About Birds: Verdin","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Verdin"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Verdin","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Verdin"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Verdin","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Verdin"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Verdin","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Verdin"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Verdin","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Verdin"}]},"regional":{"TRANS":{"level":1}}},{"id":"black-phoebe","name":"Black Phoebe","scientific":"Sayornis nigricans","range":"TRANS 30c 30a 30d 31c","timingIn":"TRANS 30c 30a 30d 31c","family":"Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black_phoebe","idTips":"A neat black flycatcher with a sharply contrasting white belly. It perches low near water and constantly dips its tail.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Rivers, canals, ponds and buildings near water","diet":"Flying insects caught near water.","dietShort":"Flying insects","facts":["It is almost always found near water.","It builds a mud nest under bridges and eaves.","It pumps its tail as it perches.","Its call is a sharp, two-part 'tsip.'"],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Black Phoebe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_phoebe"},{"label":"All About Birds: Black Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black_Phoebe"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black_Phoebe"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black_Phoebe"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black_Phoebe"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black_Phoebe"}]},"regional":{"TRANS":{"level":1}}},{"id":"says-phoebe","name":"Say's Phoebe","scientific":"Sayornis saya","range":"TRANS HIGH ROLL","timingIn":"TRANS HIGH ROLL","family":"Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Say%27s_phoebe","idTips":"A soft gray-brown flycatcher with a peachy-cinnamon belly and a black tail that it dips and fans.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open desert, ranches, canyons and buildings","diet":"Flying insects, often caught from a low perch.","dietShort":"Flying insects","facts":["It often nests on buildings, bridges and old mines.","Its belly is a soft cinnamon color.","Unlike the Black Phoebe, it does not need water nearby.","It hovers low over open ground to catch insects."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Say's Phoebe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say%27s_phoebe"},{"label":"All About Birds: Say's Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Says_Phoebe"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Say's Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Says_Phoebe"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Say's Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Says_Phoebe"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Say's Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Says_Phoebe"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Say's Phoebe","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Says_Phoebe"}]},"regional":{"HIGH ROLL":{"months":[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"residency":"summer"}}},{"id":"crissal-thrasher","name":"Crissal Thrasher","scientific":"Toxostoma crissale","range":"TRANS","timingIn":"TRANS","family":"Mimidae (mockingbirds and thrashers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Crissal_thrasher","idTips":"A plain gray-brown thrasher with a long tail, a long, deeply curved bill, a dark whisker stripe and a rusty patch under the tail.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Dense mesquite and saltbush thickets along washes and rivers","diet":"Insects and berries, dug from leaf litter with its bill.","dietShort":"Insects and berries","facts":["It is named for the rusty patch under its tail, the crissum.","It rarely flies, running between thickets instead.","It digs for insects with its long curved bill.","It sings from treetops in late winter."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Crissal Thrasher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crissal_thrasher"},{"label":"All About Birds: Crissal Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Crissal_Thrasher"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Crissal Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Crissal_Thrasher"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Crissal Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Crissal_Thrasher"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Crissal Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Crissal_Thrasher"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Crissal Thrasher","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Crissal_Thrasher"}]}},{"id":"canyon-towhee","name":"Canyon Towhee","scientific":"Melozone fusca","range":"TRANS 30d 30a 26c","timingIn":"TRANS 30d 30a 26c","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Canyon_towhee","idTips":"A plain, plump, gray-brown sparrow with a long tail, a rusty cap, a buffy throat with a faint necklace of streaks and a dark spot in the middle of the breast. Rusty under the tail.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Rocky desert slopes, canyons, grassland with shrubs and towns","diet":"Seeds and insects, found by scratching on the ground.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["It often feeds on the ground under shrubs and in yards.","Pairs stay together all year on the same territory.","It has a small dark spot in the middle of its breast.","It was once lumped with the California Towhee as the Brown Towhee."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Canyon Towhee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canyon_towhee"},{"label":"All About Birds: Canyon Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canyon_Towhee"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Canyon Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canyon_Towhee"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Canyon Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canyon_Towhee"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Canyon Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canyon_Towhee"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Canyon Towhee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canyon_Towhee"}]},"regional":{"24b":{"level":1}}},{"id":"acorn-woodpecker","name":"Acorn Woodpecker","scientific":"Melanerpes formicivorus","range":"24b 24d 23b 23a","timingIn":"24b 24d 23b 23a","family":"Picidae (woodpeckers)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Acorn_woodpecker","idTips":"A clownish black-and-white woodpecker with a red cap, a white forehead, a black chin and pale staring eyes. White patches flash on the wings in flight.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Oak and pine-oak woods in mountains","diet":"Acorns, insects caught in the air and sap.","dietShort":"Acorns and insects","facts":["Family groups store thousands of acorns in holes drilled into one 'granary' tree.","It lives in groups that raise young together.","It catches flying insects like a flycatcher.","Its call is a loud, laughing 'waka-waka.'"],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Acorn Woodpecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_woodpecker"},{"label":"All About Birds: Acorn Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Acorn_Woodpecker"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Acorn Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Acorn_Woodpecker"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Acorn Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Acorn_Woodpecker"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Acorn Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Acorn_Woodpecker"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Acorn Woodpecker","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Acorn_Woodpecker"}]}},{"id":"rock-wren","name":"Rock Wren","scientific":"Salpinctes obsoletus","range":"TRANS 30d 26c","timingIn":"TRANS 30d 26c","family":"Troglodytidae (wrens)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Rock_wren","idTips":"A pale gray-brown wren with fine white speckles on the back, a faintly streaked breast, buffy flanks and a pale-tipped tail. It bobs on rocks.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Rocky slopes, cliffs, boulder piles and road cuts","diet":"Insects and spiders found among rocks.","dietShort":"Insects and spiders","facts":["It builds a little path of flat pebbles to its nest entrance.","It bobs up and down on rocks.","Its song is a varied, buzzy series of repeated phrases.","It gets most of its water from the insects it eats."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Rock Wren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_wren"},{"label":"All About Birds: Rock Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rock_Wren"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Rock Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rock_Wren"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Rock Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rock_Wren"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Rock Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rock_Wren"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Rock Wren","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rock_Wren"}]}},{"id":"woodhouses-scrub-jay","name":"Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay","scientific":"Aphelocoma woodhouseii","range":"TRANS 30d 30a 26c","timingIn":"TRANS 30d 30a 26c","family":"Corvidae (crows and jays)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Woodhouse%27s_scrub_jay","idTips":"A slim, long-tailed jay with no crest: dull blue head, wings and tail, a gray-brown back, a pale throat with a faint blue necklace and a gray belly.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Juniper, oak and pinyon woods, brushy canyons and towns","diet":"Acorns, pinyon nuts, insects and berries.","dietShort":"Acorns, nuts and insects","facts":["It hides thousands of acorns and seeds each fall and remembers where.","Unlike the Blue Jay, it has no crest.","Forgotten acorns it buries can sprout into new oaks.","Its call is a harsh, rising 'shreep.'"],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhouse%27s_scrub_jay"},{"label":"All About Birds: Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Woodhouses_Scrub-Jay"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Woodhouses_Scrub-Jay"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Woodhouses_Scrub-Jay"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Woodhouses_Scrub-Jay"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Woodhouses_Scrub-Jay"}]},"regional":{"24b":{"level":1}}},{"id":"black-throated-sparrow","name":"Black-throated Sparrow","scientific":"Amphispiza bilineata","range":"TRANS 30d 31b 31c","timingIn":"TRANS 30d 31b 31c","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Black-throated_sparrow","idTips":"A sharp-looking gray sparrow with a black throat and bib, bold white stripes above the eye and along the jaw and a white belly.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Desert scrub, creosote flats and rocky slopes","diet":"Seeds and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["It can go a long time without drinking, getting water from food.","Its bold face pattern makes it easy to recognize.","Its song is a tinkling series of notes and trills.","It is one of the most common birds of desert scrub."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Black-throated Sparrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-throated_sparrow"},{"label":"All About Birds: Black-throated Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-throated_Sparrow"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-throated Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-throated_Sparrow"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-throated Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-throated_Sparrow"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-throated Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-throated_Sparrow"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Black-throated Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-throated_Sparrow"}]},"regional":{"TRANS":{"level":1}}},{"id":"western-bluebird","name":"Western Bluebird","scientific":"Sialia mexicana","range":"TRANS 25i 26c","timingIn":"TRANS 25i 26c","family":"Turdidae (thrushes)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Western_bluebird","idTips":"A small thrush; males are deep blue on the head, throat and wings with a rusty breast and often a rusty patch on the back; females are grayer with a faint blue tail and wings.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from October to March.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Mar","months":[1,2,3,10,11,12],"habitat":"Open pine and juniper woods, mountain meadows and orchards","diet":"Insects; juniper and mistletoe berries in winter.","dietShort":"Insects and berries","facts":["Unlike the Eastern Bluebird, males have a blue throat.","In winter, flocks feed on juniper and mistletoe berries.","It nests in tree holes and nest boxes.","Young from earlier broods sometimes help feed later ones."],"level":2,"dimorphic":true,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Western Bluebird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_bluebird"},{"label":"All About Birds: Western Bluebird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Bluebird"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Bluebird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Bluebird"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Bluebird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Bluebird"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Bluebird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Bluebird"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Bluebird","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Bluebird"}]},"regional":{"TRANS":{"level":1}}},{"id":"rufous-crowned-sparrow","name":"Rufous-crowned Sparrow","scientific":"Aimophila ruficeps","range":"TRANS EDW 26c 29e","timingIn":"TRANS EDW 26c 29e","family":"Passerellidae (New World sparrows)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Rufous-crowned_sparrow","idTips":"A gray-breasted sparrow with a rusty cap, a white eye-ring and a thin black whisker stripe on each side of the throat.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Rocky, grassy hillsides with scattered shrubs","diet":"Seeds and insects.","dietShort":"Seeds and insects","facts":["It lives on steep, rocky, grassy slopes.","Its call is a nasal 'dear, dear, dear.'","Pairs stay on the same territory all year.","It hops on the ground rather than flying far."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Rufous-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous-crowned_sparrow"},{"label":"All About Birds: Rufous-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rufous-crowned_Sparrow"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Rufous-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rufous-crowned_Sparrow"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Rufous-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rufous-crowned_Sparrow"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Rufous-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rufous-crowned_Sparrow"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Rufous-crowned Sparrow","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rufous-crowned_Sparrow"}]},"regional":{"TRANS":{"level":1}}},{"id":"stellers-jay","name":"Steller's Jay","scientific":"Cyanocitta stelleri","range":"23a 23b 24d","timingIn":"23a 23b 24d","family":"Corvidae (crows and jays)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Steller%27s_jay","idTips":"A dark jay with a tall, pointed black crest, a sooty black head and deep blue body, wings and tail. Pale streaks above the eye.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Pine and oak forests in the mountains","diet":"Acorns, pine seeds, insects and berries.","dietShort":"Acorns and seeds","facts":["It is the only crested jay in western mountain forests.","It mimics the scream of a Red-tailed Hawk.","It buries acorns and pine seeds to eat later.","In Texas it lives only in the highest mountains."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Steller's Jay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steller%27s_jay"},{"label":"All About Birds: Steller's Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Stellers_Jay"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Steller's Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Stellers_Jay"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Steller's Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Stellers_Jay"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Steller's Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Stellers_Jay"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Steller's Jay","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Stellers_Jay"}]}},{"id":"mountain-chickadee","name":"Mountain Chickadee","scientific":"Poecile gambeli","range":"23a 23b 24d","timingIn":"23a 23b 24d","family":"Paridae (chickadees and titmice)","residency":"year-round","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Mountain_chickadee","idTips":"A gray chickadee with a black cap and bib and a bold white stripe over the eye, which the Carolina Chickadee lacks.","timing":"Present year-round in {place}.","timingShort":"Year-round resident","months":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12],"habitat":"Pine and fir forests in the mountains","diet":"Insects, spiders and conifer seeds.","dietShort":"Insects and seeds","facts":["The white line over its eye sets it apart from other chickadees.","It stores seeds in bark crevices for winter.","In Texas it lives only in the Guadalupe and Davis mountains.","It nests in tree holes."],"level":2,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Mountain Chickadee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_chickadee"},{"label":"All About Birds: Mountain Chickadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Mountain_Chickadee"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Mountain Chickadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Mountain_Chickadee"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Mountain Chickadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Mountain_Chickadee"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Mountain Chickadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Mountain_Chickadee"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Mountain Chickadee","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Mountain_Chickadee"}]}},{"id":"western-tanager","name":"Western Tanager","scientific":"Piranga ludoviciana","range":"TRANS 25i 26c","timingIn":"TRANS 25i 26c","family":"Cardinalidae (cardinals and grosbeaks)","residency":"summer","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Western_tanager","idTips":"Males are bright yellow with a flaming red-orange head and black back, wings and tail with wing bars; females are olive-yellow with two pale wing bars.","timing":"A summer resident in {place} from April to October.","timingShort":"Summer resident, Apr–Oct","months":[4,5,6,7,8,9,10],"habitat":"Pine and oak woods in the mountains; any trees on migration","diet":"Insects, especially wasps and bees, plus fruit.","dietShort":"Insects and fruit","facts":["Its red face comes from a pigment it gets from insects it eats.","It nests farther north than any other tanager.","It catches flying insects in midair.","It passes through the West Texas desert on migration."],"level":2,"dimorphic":true,"refs":[{"label":"Wikipedia: Western Tanager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_tanager"},{"label":"All About Birds: Western Tanager","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Tanager"}],"factRefs":{"0":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Tanager","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Tanager"}],"1":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Tanager","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Tanager"}],"2":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Tanager","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Tanager"}],"3":[{"label":"All About Birds: Western Tanager","url":"https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Tanager"}]},"regional":{"TRANS":{"level":1},"24f 24b 25i 26c":{"months":[4,5,8,9,10],"residency":"migrant"}}},{"id":"townsends-solitaire","name":"Townsend's Solitaire","scientific":"Myadestes townsendi","range":"TRANS 25i 26c","timingIn":"TRANS 25i 26c","family":"Turdidae (thrushes)","residency":"winter","origin":"native","conservation":"least-concern","wiki":"Townsend%27s_solitaire","idTips":"A slim, long-tailed gray thrush with a white eye-ring, buff wing patches and white outer tail feathers.","timing":"A winter visitor to {place} from October to April.","timingShort":"Winter visitor, Oct–Apr","months":[1,2,3,4,10,11,12],"habitat":"Juniper woods and canyons","diet":"Insects in summer; 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